The Communist Party of China has consistently propelled social revolution through its self-revolution, an evolutionary process that epitomizes the innovative integration of theoretical morphology with dynamic praxis within Marxist political party theory. The Party's century-long struggle fundamentally manifests the concrete materialization of historical initiative in self-revolution, rooted in three paradigmatic dimensions: the evolutionary logic of self-reform practices, the axiological positioning of value orientations, and the institutional efficacy of methodological innovation. This tripartite framework has engendered a governance paradigm synthesizing party modernization, national governance modernization, and civilizational morphology modernization.Chinese path to modernization emerges as the most direct and vivid embodiment of the Party's self-revolution within its historically proactive praxis. Through self-revolutionary practices, the CPC has cultivated value-driven civilizational norms by leveraging party conduct to shape societal ethos. The institutionalization of self-reform mechanisms and the deepening of internal construction reforms have established foundational institutional safeguards for advancing Chinese path to modernization. Furthermore, the Party continuously recalibrates its ethical coordinates of popular legitimacy and vanguard consciousness through self-revolution, thereby consolidating driving forces and steering the trajectory of Chinese path to modernization.
A review of existing research literature reveals that the interpretation of "two combinations" in the field of literary theory has presented multiple discourse dimensions. Firstly, in the field of Marxist literary theory research, "two combinations" have been endowed with significant discourse innovation significance. Its core lies in the formation of the view that "literature is a part of culture", which not only deepens the understanding of the "essence of literature", but also provides a broad historical perspective for the understanding of key concepts in Chinese Marxist literary theory. In the historical dimension, "two combinations" serve as a "new perspective" in the narrative of literary theory history. Through the re-exploration and interpretation of traditional Chinese literary theory resources, it has promoted the rethinking of the issue of "the modernity of fine Chinese literary theory". In the future dimension, "two combinations" provide basic strategies and goals for the development of literary theory in the "ancient and modern, Chinese and Western" framework in the new era, and point out the direction for the construction of the autonomy of Chinese literary theory.
As a dual "marginal figure" in terms of ethnicity and social class, Jin Midi, the son of the Xiongnu King Xiutu attended the Western Han court as a captive and horse tender. Around 119 BCE (the fourth year of Yuanshou reign), significant changes in Han-Xiongnu relations prompted Emperor Wu to revive Jia Yi's "Three Demonstrations and Five Enticements" strategy, seeking to "tame the Xiongnu through benevolence" by preferentially treating surrendered nobles. As the "exemplary defector", Jin Midi became a key performer in the imperial spectacle of "Four Yi's Subduing". His loyalty manifested not as mere moral consciousness, but rather as a complex interplay between imperial indoctrination and survival tactics-necessitating both compliance with the emperor's expectation of Hua-Yi order and navigation of court intrigues. The historical construction of Jin Midi's image involved multiple determinants. Ban Gu's Book of Han strategically reshaped his narrative through selective editing and ethical reframing, incorporating him into Confucian loyalty-filialty discourse. This historiographical treatment served both the imperial cultural agenda and correlated with the rising influence of Confucian scholars during Huo Guang's regency, as well as the political standing of Jin's descendants. The enduring image of Jin Midi ultimately emerged as a collusion of imperial manipulation, personal agency, and historiographical discourse.
Based on the data of listed companies held by central enterprises in China's Shanghai and Shenzhen A-shares from 2003 to 2020, we empirically analyze the impact of the policy of profit contribution from state-owned enterprises implemented since 2007 on the level of financialization of enterprises. The results show that elevating the proportion of profit contribution from SOEs significantly reduces the financialization level of listed companies held by central enterprises. Heterogeneity analysis shows that the impact of SOE profit contribution on the de-financialization of enterprises is more obvious in enterprises with no financial background of executives and higher shareholding ratios of institutional investors. The results of the mechanism test show that the SOE profit contribution policy significantly suppresses corporate overinvestment although it enhances the risk appetite of executives, indicating that the policy plays an effective constraining role in restricting the overinvestment behavior of corporations, thus suppressing the level of corporate financialization. Further analysis reveals that with the increase in the proportion of SOEs' profit contribution and the decrease in the level of financialization, central listed companies show higher total factor productivity, which helps to promote the high-quality development of enterprises. In this regard, we should optimize the management mechanism of state-owned capital gains, set a reasonable profit contribution ratio, improve the corporate governance structure, strengthen the supervision of financial activities, optimize the design of incentives, and promote the allocation of resources of SOEs to their core business and innovative areas to achieve sustainable and healthy development.
Based on the panel data of cities at prefecture level and above from 2011 to 2022, this paper constructs a multiple linear regression model, and empirically studies the influence of the development of new quality productive forces on the overall revitalization of rural areas and its mechanism. The results show that the development of new quality productive forces is conducive to the overall revitalization of rural areas, and the three main bodies of rural high-quality farmers, scientific and technological innovation enterprises and investment and financing institutions have a positive moderating effect on the promotion of new quality productive forces. Further research shows that, in terms of time series, the new quality productive forces enabling rural comprehensive revitalization has long-term sustainability and continues to play a positive role in a long time. In terms of spatial distribution, the overall rural revitalization enabled by new quality productive forces has regional spillover effect, and prefecture-level cities with higher levels of new quality productive forces have a positive driving effect on other prefecture-level cities in the same province. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new quality productive forces according to local conditions in order to perfect the long-term mechanism of all-round rural revitalization; build a multi-subject rural innovation system led by high-quality farmers, scientific and technological innovation enterprises and green financial institutions; pay attention to the long-term effects of new quality productive forces, and strengthen the dynamic monitoring and evaluation of policy implementation effects.
A multi-regional, two-factor, three-sector innovation growth model that incorporates both the positive and negative externalities of talent agglomeration was established to study the impact of local quality on urban innovation. The theoretical model shows that when the positive externalities of talent aggregation are strong, local quality has a positive impact on urban innovation, while the negative externalities of talent aggregation weaken this effect. Subsequently, an empirical analysis was conducted using data from 281 prefecture-level cities every two years from 2013 to 2021. The results show that the level of talent aggregation has a negative moderating effect on the relationship between local quality and urban innovation; further analysis indicates that in the impact on urban innovation, the positive externalities of talent aggregation have a synergistic effect with local quality, while the negative externalities have a substitutive effect; additionally, local quality has a non-linear impact on urban innovation capabilities, playing the greatest role in areas with moderate levels of human capital, high wage levels, and moderate population density. Therefore, regions, especially medium-sized cities, should provide ample space to stimulate the positive externalities of talent aggregation while mitigating the negative externalities brought about by talent aggregation when crafting urban quality.
The party's 20th congress clearly put forward the "standard wealth accumulation mechanism", negotiated the overall goal of "common prosperity", and connected the system construction and the optimization of income distribution order. To standardize the wealth accumulation mechanism, it is necessary to closely combine the three-level income distribution system for comprehensive consideration to form a systematic arrangement of "common prosperity". A fair, reasonable and legal "wealth accumulation mechanism" needs to continuously optimize the construction of relevant systems and mechanisms with "people-centered idea", and promote the formation of a social wealth structure adapted to long-term sustainable development. The general orientation is to adhere to the distribution system with distribution according to work as the main form and multiple forms of distribution coexisting, improve the primary distribution system, increase redistribution of income and encourage the third distribution and optimize and adjust the pattern of national income distribution. The current focus and phased goal is to expand the size of the middle income groups. Under the guidance of the overall goal of promoting common prosperity, attention should be paid to regulating the income flow adjustment mechanism from "getting rich first" to "common prosperity", and at the same time, to regulating the wealth stock accumulation mechanism closely related to income distribution, so as to ensure that the fruits of economic and social development benefit the people more fairly and justly.
Using samples from 131 villages and 1108 households collected during field surveys in 2023, this study empirically examines the effect and mechanism of rural collective economic development on farmers' participation in public affairs based on the "benefit-emotion-order" analytical framework. The results show that the development of rural collective economies can effectively motivate farmers to participate in village public affairs. Mechanism analysis reveals that rural collective economies can encourage participation by strengthening emotional and order connections between farmers and villages. After accounting for nested data structures and endogeneity issues, robustness checks using Hierarchical Linear Model (HLM) and Two-stage Least Squares (2SLS) model confirm the conclusions. Heterogeneity analysis indicates that the incentive effects of rural collective economies are more pronounced in villages with collective industries and village-stationed work teams. Therefore, the government should continue to enhance support for rural collective economies and inject various resources into the rural collective economy to maintain its stable development; actively involve villagers in the development of the collective economy and encourage them to offer suggestions and strategies; strengthen the cultivation of collective industries and improve external embedded assistant mechanisms such as village-based work teams.
Injunctive relief for standard essential patent infringement and its restriction are important institutional tools to make up for the failure of the licensing market. The characteristics of standard essential patents determine that when infringement is established, there are three interpretative paths for restricting injunctive relief: patent law, antitrust law and contract law. From the patent law perspective, the lock-in effect of standard essential patents is significant, and the decision on injunctive relief should reflect the negative evaluation and prevention of patent hold-up. From the perspective of antitrust law, if the standard essential patent owner with a dominant market position uses injunctive relief as a bargaining chip to require the patent implementer to accept unreasonable licensing terms, and is thereby likely to exclude competition in the relevant market, injunctive relief should be rejected. From the perspective of altruistic contracts, a patent implementer who negotiates in good faith has the right to request the standard essential patentee who has made a commitment of "fairness, reasonabness and non-discrimination" to fulfill the contract in order to counter the request for injunctive relief. When multiple approaches are applied to restricting injunctive relief, the evaluations of the behavior of the SEP owner and the infringer at a specific stage based on different theoretical perspectives are usually internally consistent. Moreover, considering factors such as negative externality from the patent law perspective helps to supplement the conclusions based on other theoretical perspectives and tailor the injunction more finely in terms of coverage and duration.
Intelligence tests are generally considered in modern society to be a scientific tool that can predict individual development prospects and future achievements. This concept is actually a product of artificial construction. The pursuit of interests in psychology, the social demand for education popularization, and the demands of the times for intervention in war have jointly built the realistic foundation of the "intelligence test myth". The emergence of the intelligence test myth is a clear manifestation of the gradual hegemony of scientific discourse in the field of social life since modern times. Standardized tests have undoubtedly entered the education field with intelligence tests as their endorsement. Questions such as who has the right to education, what kind of education people receive, and how to measure the effectiveness of education have been completely reshaped. Standardized education based on "myths" can neither provide scientific guidance and theoretical justification for the selection and training of top innovative talents, nor can it effectively affect the value recognition and factual understanding of talent standards in society, becoming a cognitive source of talent crisis. The cultivation of talents should be based on the disenchantment of standardized education. In the future, we must realize the transformation of talent definition standards from "selection" to "emergence", and at the same time promote the innovation of talent education concepts from "practical" to "humanistic".
