The unique civilizational perspective of Chinese modernization represents a new form of civilization shaped by the Chinese nation through historical inheritance and epochal transformation, profoundly echo the question of "where the world is headed" in human civilization. Rooted in both the essence of Chinese civilization and the fundamental principles of Marxism, this perspective achieves creative transformation through "the second integration", forming the concept of "harmony and coexistence" that transcends the logic of Western modernity and dispels the myth of Western-centric civilizational hierarchy.By assuming multiple roles—as a promoter of peace, a leader of development, a shaper of security, and a guardian of order—it contributes China's strength to addressing global deficits in peace, development, security, and governance, demonstrating the feasibility of this unique civilizational perspective through practice. It advances civilizational forms from unipolar modernity to pluralistic modernity by resolving the dilemma of modernity; it facilitates the creative transformation from ideas to reality through conceptual elevation; and it reshapes value paradigms, guiding human civilizational interactions from conflict to mutual learning. This perspective offers a new vision with Chinese characteristics and global significance for human society.
The Divided Line in Book Ⅵ of Plato's Republic is significant for the structure of being and knowledge in Plato's philosophy. In this analogy, Plato introduces dianoia as a cognitive state, the precise nature of which-along with its corresponding objects-has been the subject of extensive scholarly debate. The interpretations of dianoia in the Divided Line face their own set of difficulties. However, if we understand the objects of dianoia as inaccurate "mental representations" of the Forms, many of these interpretive problems could be avoided. Although Plato never explicitly uses the concept of mental representation in the dialogues, evidence for such an interpretation can be found both in the Republic and in his later works, as well as in the writings of ancient Platonists. On one hand, Plato's discussions of perception suggest that the objects of perception are themselves representations internal to the agent. On the other hand, some ancient Platonists explicitly take the objects of dianoia to be internal to the soul. In this way, Plato's notion of "mental representation" provides an early philosophical foundation for the later development of this concept in the philosophy of mind.
Artificial intelligence is non-subjective and only intervenes in contractual relations as a technical tool. During the contract formation stage, artificial intelligence can convey the intention to contract on behalf of the parties, and the effect of the expression of intent belongs to the corresponding civil subject. When artificial intelligence miscommunicates, it is necessary to distinguish whether it is due to the error of the declarant's instructions or the functional error of artificial intelligence for liability attribution. The information exploitation based on algorithms by artificial intelligence has respectively formed structural advantages and individual advantages in unilateral artificial intelligence contracting and bilateral artificial intelligence contracting. To avoid grossly unfair contracts, it is necessary to allocate information obligations to bridge the barrier of equal negotiation. When artificial intelligence serves as the subject matter of a contract, the obligation of technology update only constitutes an accessory performance obligation in a one-time performance contract, but constitutes a principal performance obligation in a continuous performance contract, and is not limited by the current technological level. When artificial intelligence serves as a tool for contract performance, the responsibility for defective performance is still borne by the obligor, and this rule also applies in the case of automatic execution of smart contract obligations. When artificial intelligence performs the result obligation on behalf of the obligor, a contractual liability arises as long as the specific result is not achieved; when it performs the means obligation on behalf of the obligor, the obligor needs to fulfill the supervisory duty over artificial intelligence.
The crucial prerequisite to institute data portability rights is a clear definition of the nature of such rights. While existing research outputs tend to consider data portability rights as civil rights, a review of prevailing regulations suggests that this recognition is subject to significant conflicts of interest that could challenge the applicability and exercise of data portability rights. In light of this, we need to shift the analytical approach to data portability rights from "informational self-determination" to "data sharing theory." According to the data flow theory, data portability rights could supplement competition law in the digital age to accelerate the development of data marketplaces. Applying data portability rights also enables individuals to be active participants in data flowing and to benefit from a robust data marketplace. Considering data portability rights as social rights by recognizing the social value embedded in such rights could maximize the role of data portability rights in social correction and governance. Under the social right framework, the implementation of data portability rights should be aligned with the initiative to establish a multi-stakeholder data transfer mechanism and make progress through legislative administration, technical support, and market accountability.
This essay captures the indicator of local government's environmental concern through text analysis of the work reports of cities across the country from 2008 to 2021, and examines the driving effect of government's environmental concern on enterprises' green transformation from the perspective of enterprise green innovation. It is found that the improvement of the government's environmental concern can significantly promote the green transformation of enterprises. The higher the regional government's environmental concern, the higher the number and quality of green innovation of enterprises in the region. The mechanism test results show that enhancing the environmental awareness of enterprise management, improving the quality of enterprise environmental information disclosure, and promoting enterprise green credit financing are the three main ways that the government's environmental concern drives the green transformation of enterprises. The results of heterogeneity analysis show that in non-heavy polluting enterprises, technology-intensive enterprises and enterprises with poor legal environment, the government's environmental concern has a more significant driving effect on enterprises' green transformation. Therefore, the relevant government departments should pay more attention to environmental problems, continue to optimize the mechanisms and channels for the government's environmental concerns to drive the green transformation of enterprises, formulate differentiated policies to improve the accuracy of the government's environmental concern green governance function.
Reducing the burden of education is a pivotal initiative in the education governance of the New Era and holds significant implications for building China into an education powerhouse. As governance practices deepen, digital technologies are increasingly integrated into the burden reduction system, serving as a vital driver for improving governance effectiveness. Drawing on exemplary cases of the "double reduction" initiative recognized by the Ministry of Education, this study adopts the Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) framework to construct a multidimensional analytical model. Through the combined application of Necessary Condition Analysis (NCA) and fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA), the study explores, from a configurational perspective, the diverse pathways by which digital technology enhances the governance of education burden reduction. Findings indicate that the effectiveness of digital-driven governance is contingent on the synergistic interaction of multiple factors, resulting in four effective pathways: the balanced development pathway, the foundational support pathway, the multi-stakeholder synergy pathway, and the dual technology-organization pathway. Based on these findings, the study proposes the following optimization strategies: firstly, enhance cross-element collaboration to build a systematic governance framework; secondly, strengthen digital infrastructure and data governance capacity to improve grassroots-level implementation; thirdly, stimulate broader societal engagement to foster a diversified co-governance structure; and finally, reinforce strategic leadership and innovation-driven approaches to advance deep reforms in education governance.
As the primary stakeholders in the development of first-class undergraduate courses, teachers' responses to related policies significantly influence the effectiveness of these initiatives. An empirical analysis was conducted using a dataset of 6247 university teachers from across the country. The findings reveal that teachers exhibit a pattern of "high awareness but limited action" with satisfaction levels increasing incrementally. Specifically, stronger policy responses are observed among teachers in SEAM fields (science, engineering, agriculture and medicine), those with higher academic ranks, teaching and research-oriented faculty, and middle-aged educators. Regarding internal drivers, a balanced understanding of the relationship between teaching and research, as well as greater investment in teaching activities, positively correlate with stronger policy responses. Conversely, higher teaching pressure negatively impacts policy responsiveness. The investment in research and the pressure associated with research have not impeded teachers' responses to policy initiatives. In terms of external drivers, institutional support—such as effective management services, peer collaboration, and teaching incentives—directly enhances teachers' policy responses. Additionally, institutional support indirectly boosts policy responses by fostering greater teaching engagement. To improve policy outcomes, it is essential to refine policies, empower teachers, and strengthen institutional support mechanisms, thereby encouraging greater teacher involvement in the development of first-class undergraduate courses.
Using the data of "National College Students' Academic Situation Survey", this paper constructs multiple linear regression and quantile regression models, and empirically studies the influence of college students' learning styles on learning gains. The results show that experiential learning can effectively improve college students' learning gains; practice and interactive discussion are more effective in improving college students' general ability and professional ability, while classroom learning is more effective in improving college students' self-awareness and social cognitive ability. Further research shows that in terms of disciplinary differences, the learning benefits of "thinking" and "doing" are different among different types of students. Interactive discussion is the most effective for students of literature, history, philosophy and art, interactive discussion and practice are the most effective for students of economics, management and teaching, and practice is the most effective for students of science, engineering, agriculture and medicine. On the difference of learning ability, the marginal benefit of interactive discussion on college students' learning gains is increasing, and the benefits of interactive discussion on students' learning gains are positively "U"-shaped, while interactive discussion and practice have a greater marginal impact on students' learning gains at middle and high levels. Therefore, we should optimize the top-level design of practical teaching and create a practical field combining virtual reality with reality; we should establish an investigation system of college students' academic intelligence to deepen the classification and hierarchical training of college students; we should give full play to the positive feedback function of interactive discussion and train top-notch innovative talents.
The communalization of public security governance is to adjust the relationship between multiple subjects, and then gradually shape a specific public security governance ability to meet the corresponding needs of public security governance. Therefore, "subject relationship" and "public security governance ability" are the two clues in the process of public security governance communalization. They refer to each other and fit each other, forming the core logic of public security governance communalization. In the early stage of the community, the subject relationship is the positive influx of multiple subjects, that is, the socialization of the subject relationship, and the ability requirement is the ability of multiple subjects to participate; In the middle stage of the community, the subject relationship is embodied in institutionalization and stabilization, that is, the subject relationship is structured, and the ability requirement is the sustainable ability of cooperative action; In the later stage of the community, the subject relationship is the consistency of value identity, that is, the subject relationship is valued, and the ability requirement is the ability of value internalization identity. In the process of public security governance community, the "subject relationship" guides the construction of "public security governance ability". The subject relationship gradually moves from the combination relationship to the community relationship, and the public security governance ability is also improved, continuously releasing the efficiency of Public Security Governance.
Based on data from the China Aging Society Longitudinal Survey (CLASS, 2018-2020), the effects of intergenerational care for the old and the young on loneliness among the older adults were investigated. The results showed that caring for grandchildren significantly reduced the risk of loneliness, while caring for parents had no significant effect on loneliness among older adults in China. The length of time spent caring for grandchildren and loneliness showed a U-shaped relationship, decreasing and then increasing. For the older adults who agreed with the traditional filial piety expectation of "bring up the children for the purpose of being looked after in old age", caring for "an old" and "a young" had a significant interactive effect on their loneliness, which was manifested as being able to reduce the risk of loneliness. The gender difference analysis further revealed that the interactive effect of "an old" and "a young" caregiving had a protective effect on older men who agreed with the traditional filial piety expectation of "bring up the children for the purpose of being looked after in old age", while the effect on female older caregivers did not reach a statistically significant level. In order to effectively reduce the psychological loneliness of older caregivers, we should pay attention to the content and intensity of intergenerational care, pay full attention to traditional filial piety cultural concepts and gender differences, formulate more targeted mental health promotion policies and intervention systems, and provide institutional guarantees to improve the quality of life and well-being of the "sandwich class"of older individuals.
