From a global comparative perspective, the modernization processes of today's developing countries are significantly diverse and present an increasingly complex and multi-faceted picture. Based on a review of modernization theories, a comprehensive analytical framework is constructed from six dimensions: development concepts, material foundations, internal conditions, external environments, governance systems and their capabilities, and the level of modernization development, to explain the differences in modernization paths among different countries. From this framework, it can be seen that striving for national independence, adhering to an independent path, building an effective government, maintaining openness and cooperation, correctly treating traditions, and creating a favorable external environment are the basic experiences of modernization construction in developing countries. Orderly turmoil, "growth without development", premature deindustrialization, widening wealth gap, population issues, ecological crises, and development vulnerability are becoming obstacles to the modernization process of developing countries. The theoretical implications are that the modernization path of developing countries is neither smooth nor fixed. The key to the smooth progress of modernization in developing countries lies in the governing ability and leadership position of the ruling party, the construction of a governance system and national capacity that adapt to modernization development, maintaining a dynamic balance between development and costs, and establishing a fair and reasonable new international political and economic order.
Fiscal system reform is an important force in the reform and development of the fields of education, science and technology, and talents, and has gone through four stages of development, namely, early exploration, program management, market promotion, and overall deployment. From the practice of institutional transformation, the fiscal support strategy for education, science and technology and talents can not only inject a strong impetus for education, science and technology and talents systemic change, but also for education, science and technology and talents to achieve high-quality development goals to provide a basic guarantee, more education, science and technology and talents integration and integration of the three development to create favorable conditions. Attention should be focused on the allocation relationship between the government and the market, the interaction between the central and local governments, the same-track relationship between national governance and the people's supremacy, as well as the progressive relationship between institutional reforms and quality enhancement, so as to ensure the scientific allocation and efficient use of finances in the fields of education, science and technology, and talents. On the new journey, fiscal support for the high-quality development of education, science and technology, and talents still faces such problems as weak fiscal synergy, insufficient investment intensity, and limited adaptability. To this end, we must adhere to the fiscal strategy of a major country, further focus on key areas such as education, science and technology, and talent development, deepen fiscal and tax system reforms, enhance the capacity for coordinated fiscal resource allocation, and promote the steady and sustained advancement of building China into a leading nation in education, science and technology, and talent development.
Based on the experience of local governments in using digital technology to enhance the efficiency of grassroots governance, and by leveraging the theoretical perspective of grassroots governance elements, this paper explains the dimensions and mechanisms through which digital technology empowers grassroots governance. The research finds that digital technology enhances the problem identification ability of grassroots governance subjects through refined analysis of governance objects; improving the ability to integrate multiple governance subjects through process management of governance subjects; strengthening the control over the governance process through regular supervision of the governance process, thereby enhancing the efficiency of grassroots governance. At the same time, digital technology governance also brings a series of new challenges, including the leakage of personal privacy information, the triggering of digital formalism, and the compression of grassroots autonomy. Therefore, it is necessary to standardize the collection and use of governance object information by governance subjects and protect personal privacy; guiding grassroots governance subjects to establish correct concepts and improve the evaluation system of grassroots governance subjects to overcome digital formalism; clarifing the boundaries of digital supervision and grant grassroots governance subjects certain modification rights to balance digital supervision and grassroots autonomy.
Based on panel data from 264 prefecture-level and above cities in China between 2011 and 2022, this study constructs a general equilibrium model that incorporates educational human capital cultivation and human capital matching mechanisms to examine how human capital facilitates high-quality economic growth through this integration. The results demonstrate that real-digital integration promotes high-quality economic development by driving quality, efficiency, and dynamism reforms, with more pronounced effects observed in cities with solid economic foundations and supportive policy environments. The underlying mechanisms include increased human capital participation, enhanced human capital accumulation, and more efficient human capital allocation. Further analysis shows that integration between the service sector and digital industries, as well as between physical industries and digital technology application services or digital product manufacturing, plays a particularly important role in advancing high-quality development. Regional comparisons indicate that southern cities have developed a more diverse and effective industrial structure, thereby contributing more significantly to high-quality economic outcomes.
Under the new development concept, emerging industries such as strategic emerging industries and future industries have become the key focus of driving new quality productivity to pursue quality and enhance momentum with their cutting-edge advantages and unlimited potential. On the basis of clarifying the scientific connotation of strategic emerging industries, future industries and new quality productivity, this paper systematically combs the theoretical logic and realistic logic of strategic emerging industries and future industries to empower new quality productivity. The theoretical logic is manifested in promoting the upgrading and transition of "technology-factor-industry, " that is, building a new quality productivity growth driven by technological innovation, optimizing the allocation of factors as a lever to leverage the growth pole of new quality productivity, activating the new quality productivity empowerment chain with industrial collaborative upgrading as the engine. Its realistic logic is manifested in creating new opportunities for "opening-development-employment", that is, opening up "new windows" at a high level, outlining a "new blueprint" for sustainable development, laying the "new way" of high-quality employment. In order to promote the development of new quality productivity, strategic emerging industries and future industries should focus on strengthening basic R & D and key core technologies, and broaden the boundary of new quality productivity, anchoring the tide of opening up and innovation, and strengthening the development advantages of new quality productivity, giving full play to the joint efforts to cultivate emerging industries and help the development of new quality productivity to a new direction.
Based on the panel data of 424 commercial banks in China from 2007 to 2023, this paper empirically tests the influence of local government debt expansion on the core profitability index of banks' net interest margin and its mechanism. The results show that the expansion of local government debt significantly reduces the net interest margin of commercial banks, and then weakens their profitability, and this conclusion is valid under a series of robustness tests. Heterogeneity analysis shows that the negative impact of debt expansion on the net interest margin of commercial banks is significantly heterogeneous, especially for non-state-owned banks, unlisted banks and local banks. Further research shows that bank risk-taking behavior plays a moderating role in the relationship between debt expansion and bank net interest margin, and high-risk banks amplify the compression effect of debt expansion on net interest margin by relaxing credit review and increasing leverage ratio. Therefore, local government debt governance should be optimized to prevent inefficient investment from occupying bank credit resources; implementing differentiated and precise banking supervision strategies to improve the ability of banks to manage net interest margin and serve the real economy; strengthening bank risk management and control, and restraining high-risk banks from amplifying the negative impact of debt expansion on bank net interest margin; encouraging banks to use financial technology to identify risks and optimize resource allocation, so as to offset the crowding out effect of local government debt on high-yield enterprise credit.
The AI-empowered construction of a leading country in education has evolved from strategic vision to national action in China. Guided by the policy direction of "The Master Plan on Building a Leading Country in Education (2024—2035)", this paper constructs a four-question framework—"Feasibility, Integration, Application, and Strengthening (FIAS)"—to explore the underlying logic and practical pathways for this endeavor. Research finds that AI possesses a deep intrinsic alignment with the political, people-centric, and strategic attributes of education, providing a fundamental possibility for empowering of a leading country in education. AI can achieve deep integration with eight major systems: ideological and political education, basic education, higher education, vocational education, lifelong learning, technological support, teacher development, and international cooperation. An integrated five-pronged path encompassing top-level design, infrastructure, pedagogical practices, literacy mechanisms, and evaluation & governance. Through horizontal international comparisons, vertical domestic development, AI empowerment will drive the paradigm shift in construction of a leading country in education—from a follower to a global leader—forming a globally pioneering Chinese approach.
Applying the fundamental principles, stance, and perspectives of Marxism, this paper systematically elucidates the deep ideological foundations for correctly handling five major relationships in the building of a powerful country in education. Supporting national strategies and meeting public needs constitutes a concentrated manifestation of the Marxist theory of contradictions throughout educational development. The relationship between knowledge acquisition and holistic development offers a contemporary interpretation and evolution of the Marxist concept of all-round human development. The connection between talent cultivation and societal demands profoundly reflects practical requirements of educational development, particularly illustrating the dialectical relationship between social existence and social consciousness. The balance between regulation and vitality serves as a crucial guideline for advancing comprehensive educational reform, embodying the educational application of the "necessity and freedom" dialectic. The interplay between cultural confidence and open inclusiveness extends and manifests the relationship between education and a nation's cultural soft power, demonstrating fundamental laws of dialectics.
Conceptualizing of teaching experience is the process in which individual or community teachers use classroom teaching activities as a carrier to explicitly, systematically, and theoretically transform teaching experience into practical knowledge for teachers. The value and logic of teacher professional development in conceptualizing teaching experience is to promote the autonomous development of individual teachers' natural abilities by focusing on their own teaching experience, deepening their self reflection on experience, and generating their personal practical wisdom. At the same time, by sharing teaching experience collectively, publicizing personal experience, and constructing practical knowledge for teacher communities, it can stimulate collaborative development among teachers. In this regard, to realize the professional development value of teachers and the theoretical sublimation of teaching experience, the practice of conceptualizing teaching experience requires frontline teachers to act as conceptual subjects, follow the basic logic of theoretical sublimation of teaching experience, construct an operable path of "transforming experience to create knowledge", and seek organizational support for the integration of school "system, culture, and tools".
DeepSeek's one-way value alignment theory lacks sufficient support and practical effectiveness, and it exists urgent necessity of exploration of corresponding solutions. DeepSeek overthinks user's prompts and exhibits a behavior characteristic of transparent "slow thinking", it pieces together data and literature to mislead user behavior. Under the guidance of "value standardization", one-way alignment has been alienated into "value colonialism", which triggers moral hazard; the limited value of large model data and the massive consumption of data lead to the risk of data value exhaustion; the lag of one-way value alignment risk assessment standards and the guidance of pseudo "human standard value" in generating assessment results are full of value bias, which triggers the risk of alignment result assessment failure. The human-machine value integration plan is supported by theories such as "people-centered", "social control theory". This paper claims to establish an ethical review mechanism for artificial intelligence to provide institutional guarantees for the integration of human-machine value; strengthening the ethical supervision mechanism for big data, facilitate data sharing channels, and enhance the transparency obligation of large model providers; establishing an artificial intelligence ethical audit mechanism, refine audit rules from the perspectives of audit subjects, content, and procedures, and comprehensively evaluate DeepSeek's ethical compliance from both process and outcome dimensions.
Based on the case community research method and the analysis framework of class bidding interaction, it is found that the local bride price market is loosened by the survival-oriented demands of the lower-class female families and diffused by the face-saving demands of the upper-middle-class female families. As a result, the new local bride price market is socially recognized. The marriage payment determination theory formed in this process leads some male families to choose to increase the price proactively to avoid losing the marriage, thus pushing the local bride price market to upgrade and break through again, accelerating the reproduction of the new round of higher bride price demands. The rapid reproduction of the high bride price in rural North China cannot be achieved without the promotion of multiple social dynamic mechanisms. The upward shift mechanism of marriage debt strengthens the desirability of the female's asking price in the marriage market, the family livelihood optimization mechanism enhances the feasibility of the male's bidding, and the weakening mechanism of community norms eliminates the possibility of bride price negotiation between the two families, making the practice of high bride price reproduction sustainable and rational. Therefore, the effective governance of the high bride price in rural North China should focus on strengthening the education of the responsibility of offspring marriage, weakening the unlimited nature of intergenerational marriage responsibility, and rebuilding the moral foundation of bride price negotiation, so as to cut off the social dynamic mechanism of its rapid reproduction.
