High-quality economic development is characterized by "quality and quantity improvement", "innovation-driven", "green and low-carbon", and "open and collaborative" development. In the digital and intelligent era, the transformation of the "quality state" of productivity, featuring data elements, digital information, and intelligent technologies, is a key factor in promoting high-quality economic development. Traditional productivity theory, neoclassical political economy theory, and contemporary innovation economics theory discuss from different perspectives the mechanisms and roles of knowledge production, technological progress, and industrial innovation in promoting economic growth and social transformation. New quality productivity is both a continuation and an evolution of traditional productivity theory. Its high-tech, high-efficiency, and high-quality characteristics determine that new quality productivity has an inherent logical consistency and compatibility with high-quality economic development. The practical path for new quality productivity to promote high-quality economic development lies in: developing strategic emerging industries and future industries to promote economic structural transformation; deepening the reform of the science and technology system to establish a new type of production relationship that adapts to the development of new quality productivity; innovating talent work mechanisms to stimulate the innovation vitality of all types of talents; and coordinating self-reliance and self-strengthening in science and technology with international open cooperation to create an open and innovative environment conducive to the development of new quality productivity.
The Joseon dynasty and the Jurchen tribes were geographically adjacent and had close interactions, which led to a long-term situation of cross-border population movement. In terms of the direction of population movement, there was a distinct "two-way" feature. In terms of the types of cross-border population movement, they could be roughly divided into long-term residence and round-trip types. The cross-border movement of people between the two sides lasted for more than two hundred years. Each successful or failed case of population movement, vividly depicted the fate of individual lives against the backdrop of the times, and also reflected the complexity of the specific aspects of cross-border population movement between the two sides. The common intention of both sides was to prevent the loss of their own population while absorbing and integrating the inflow of the other side's population. This was a shared policy orientation, demonstrating that population was a truly valuable resource. The long-term two-way population movement inevitably led to mutual assimilation between the two ethnic groups. The DNA sequencing data from modern molecular anthropology also provides new evidence for the ethnic exchanges and even integration across the Tumen River and the Yalu River as recorded in historical materials.
Disposition behavior and disposition consciousness are not necessarily to be the unity of subjective and objective, and there are cases where disposition behavior involving third-party payment platforms does not have disposition consciousness. Because the realization of the danger in the constitutive elements of the crime of fraud must depend on the disposition of the consciousness, while the crime of theft is not necessary, the danger of the two crimes at the macro level is not too different, but the danger at the specific level is not the same. Therefore, it is appropriate to keep the consistency of the statutory punishment of the two crimes at the legislative level and require the conviction amount of theft to be lower than that of fraud at the judicial level. The function of disposition consciousness to distinguish the indirect principal offender of theft and fraud should be adhered to. In addition, if we persist in the theory of interest theft and the doctrine of the necessity of dispositional consciousness, there will be no punishment loopholes in the doctrine of the necessity of disposition consciousness, though there will be inevitable punishment gaps under the requirements of responsibility. To give full play to the distinguishing function of disposition consciousness, the doctrine of strict disposition consciousness is appropriate. For tangible property, the deceived person needs to be aware of the transfer and possession of the property, specifically the quantity of the property and the type or nature that is meaningful to the specification of the property. For intangible property, it needs to be realized that property interests are out of control. Because the foundation of possession is the control power of reality, they should be strictly consistent in the judgment of disposition consciousness.
Based on the historical experience of China's 15th Five-Year Plan, this paper systematically studies key elements, including the transformation of economic development strategies, innovations in planning formulation methodologies, social development conditions, and the evolution of the international economic landscape. Through assessment of the external development environment and trend analysis, the research finds that global economic uncertainty has intensified, a new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation is accelerating, and the global trade environments, rules and regulations, and governance systems are undergoing dramatic transformation. Based on the analysis of domestic development foundations and challenges, further research indicates that high-quality economic development has achieved breakthroughs while multiple downward pressures persist, and industrial structure upgrading continues to accelerate while risks coexist in key sectors, technological self-reliance and self-strengthening show preliminary results while shortcomings in core areas remain prominent, coordinated regional development advances steadily while regional disparities still require narrowing, and human capital levels improve steadily while demographic structural challenges emerge. Based on the above analysis, it is recommended that the 15th Five-Year Plan should focus on improving the planning system and policy coordination mechanisms, intensifying implementation of expansionary macroeconomic policies, accelerating industrial structure transformation and upgrading, vigorously promoting high-level technological self-reliance and self-strengthening, advancing coordinated regional development and urban-rural integration, proactively responding to demographic structural changes, and promoting risk prevention and reform in key sectors.
Taking the development of the rural e-commerce industry in County C as a case study, this study employs an analytical framework based on the dynamic interaction between "industry issues and industrial policies" to examine the stage-specific characteristics of the growth of county industries that benefit local people, as well as the underlying logic behind the evolution of local governments' industrial policies. The study finds that industry-specific issues and policies at different stages are closely linked, shaping the distinct characteristics of county industries that benefit local people. County industries that benefit local people, in their growth process, first face legitimacy challenges, then need to meet demands for scale expansion, and subsequently have to address "rat race" competition. In response, local governments have shifted the focus of industrial policies first from protection-oriented to incentive-oriented approaches, and subsequently toward a balanced mix of incentives and regulation. The evolution of industrial policies exhibits a logic of adapting to change-that is, local governments dynamically adjust policy frameworks in response to the core market issues emerging at different stages of industrial development, while maintaining consistent strategic focus on the same industry. To cultivate and expand county industries that benefit local people, local governments should not only optimize industrial policies in a timely and adaptive manner, but also shift their planning mindset to respect market entities, exercise policy measures with caution to avoid common pitfalls, and commit to long-termism by maintaining focus on target industries.
Based on balanced panel data from 30 provincial-level regions (2010—2020), this study constructs a five-dimensional comprehensive evaluation index system for new quality productivity encompassing scientific innovation, industrial innovation, development model innovation, institutional innovation, and talent mechanism innovation. It examines higher education's impact mechanism on new quality productivity development. Results indicate: new quality productivity showed an upward trend during 2010—2020, with industrial innovation being the largest contributor and institutional innovation experiencing the greatest decline. Higher education scale, quality, and structure significantly promote new quality productivity. Mechanism analysis reveals higher education fosters new quality productivity through human capital accumulation, total factor productivity improvement, and labor mobility enhancement. Heterogeneity analysis shows stronger effects in eastern regions than central-western areas. Therefore, it is imperative to strengthen the top-level design of an innovation-driven development strategy; to mobilize higher education as a driver of new-quality productivity by scaling up enrollment, enhancing quality, and optimizing structure; and by refining disciplinary layouts and intensifying industry-university-research collaboration, to guide central and western regions in cultivating new-quality productivity in a manner tailored to local conditions.
Using panel data from 2010 to 2019, this study focuses on Beijing and Shanghai as the research sites, and constructs an analytical framework for educational-supply behavior and empirically examines the impact and transmission mechanisms of education investment strategies on household financial burdens. The findings indicate that: Beijing predominantly pursues a quality-first strategy, concentrating fiscal resources on public (especially high-quality public) kindergartens. With public supply falling short of demand, families face similar costs between universal-benefit and non-universal-benefit private kindergartens, resulting in higher overall burdens due to reliance on private options. Conversely, Shanghai adopts an accessibility-first strategy, prioritizing funding for universal-benefit kindergartens to ensure broader access. Ample public supply leads to significantly lower costs for families using universal-benefit programs versus alternatives, maintaining lower aggregate burdens. Accordingly, the fisical-financing mechanisms must evolve in response to changing conditions by actively exploring differentiated per-child appropriation schemes, refining teacher compensation incentive structures, and incentive structures preschool service systems.
Based on large-scale provincial monitoring data, this study employs logistic regression, Owen decomposition, and random forest methods to analyze the impact of individual competence and interpersonal relationships on bullying perpetration among primary and secondary school students. The results indicate: Firstly, verbal bullying dominates among bullying perpetration, with higher detection rates among junior high school students, boys, underweight or obese students, those who have experienced cyber-bullying, boarding students and those who come from urban schools. Secondly, primary school students with poorer parent-child relationships, students with poorer teacher-student relationships, and junior high school students and rural primary school students with better peer relationships exhibit higher probabilities of bullying others. Thirdly, compared to interpersonal relationships, individual competence factors have a greater impact on bullying perpetration. Fourthly, primary school students and rural junior high school students with lower academic performance show higher probabilities of bullying others. Fifthly, students with lower task competence, lower collaboration competence, lower emotional regulation competence, and higher communication competence, are more likely to engage in bullying. Additionally, primary school students and rural junior high school students with lower openness competence demonstrate higher bullying tendencies. To address these issues, close attention should be paid to primary and secondary school students prone to bullying others. Effective prevention and control of bullying behaviors can be achieved through the reconstruction of a comprehensive competency-based education system and the implementation of multi-dimensional social relationship network support interventions.
Family is the basic unit and main force of urbanization for farmers. Based on the method of case study and the perspective of parental subjectivity, the paper found that the driving mechanisms of parental responsibility ethics, which are based on the ontological value of passing on the family line, face oriented social competition, and inter generational emotional transformation, have formed a "multi factor, long-term, unidirectional" support for offspring. Under the underground of urbanization, the parental responsibility ethics mainly focus on supporting children to purchase houses and settle down in cities, and thus shape two types of practices: county-level urbanization and super county-level urbanization. The urbanization of farmers supported by the ethics of parental responsibility has significant vulnerability and social spillover effects. Once parental support is suspended, offspring will face severe urbanization pressure. The unconditional support of parents for their offspring's urbanization makes it difficult to receive timely feedback from them, and the issue of elderly care for parents is gradually detached from the family. This poses new challenges to the existing family and social policy systems.
Building on the critique of survival narratives in traditional subaltern studies, James Scott, through fieldwork, identifies two types of self-interested actions adopted by subaltern peasants in the face of survival challenges: substantive strategic actions prioritizing economic damage control and symbolic strategic actions aimed at reconstructing collective self-identity through cultural resistance. The formation of these strategic actions is closely related to social structures, cultural environments, and group identities. Scott skillfully employs the interpretive technique of "hidden transcripts" and methods of interpretive anthropology to deeply analyze the behavioral logic of subaltern peasants. However, his perspectives exhibit specific theoretical limitations in understanding state-subaltern relations, selecting case field, and demonstrating the structure-agency dialectic. Nevertheless, his discussions on "village development, subaltern peasant behavior, and grassroots governance techniques" provide valuable empirical insights for rural grassroots studies in China. Current rural development in China requires balancing agriculture efficiency and grassroots fairness, establishing a comprehensive rights protection system for all peasants, and more effectively integrating standardized governance with local knowledge.
