DeepSeek's one-way value alignment theory lacks sufficient support and practical effectiveness, and it exists urgent necessity of exploration of corresponding solutions. DeepSeek overthinks user's prompts and exhibits a behavior characteristic of transparent "slow thinking", it pieces together data and literature to mislead user behavior. Under the guidance of "value standardization", one-way alignment has been alienated into "value colonialism", which triggers moral hazard; the limited value of large model data and the massive consumption of data lead to the risk of data value exhaustion; the lag of one-way value alignment risk assessment standards and the guidance of pseudo "human standard value" in generating assessment results are full of value bias, which triggers the risk of alignment result assessment failure. The human-machine value integration plan is supported by theories such as "people-centered", "social control theory". This paper claims to establish an ethical review mechanism for artificial intelligence to provide institutional guarantees for the integration of human-machine value; strengthening the ethical supervision mechanism for big data, facilitate data sharing channels, and enhance the transparency obligation of large model providers; establishing an artificial intelligence ethical audit mechanism, refine audit rules from the perspectives of audit subjects, content, and procedures, and comprehensively evaluate DeepSeek's ethical compliance from both process and outcome dimensions.

Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) is gradually integrating into the field of education, and has demonstrated unique advantages especially in the aspect of mental health education in colleges and universities. Traditional mental health work in colleges and universities has long been plagued by problems such as imbalance between supply and demand and delayed services, which makes it difficult to meet the diverse mental health needs of students today. Relying on the functional advantages of 24-hour real-time support, timely dynamic early warning, and immersive education, GenAI has significantly improved the accessibility, accuracy, and personalized nature of mental health services. However, its implementation is confronted with issues including data privacy breaches, diminished subjective cognition of teachers and students due to technological dependence, as well as lack of ethical norms and ambiguous responsibility delineation. Therefore, it is necessary to first clarify the technological advantages and practical dilemmas of GenAI in integrating into mental health education in colleges and universities, and construct a "technology-institution-culture" collaborative governance framework. By optimizing technology through the development of specialized mental health models, improving systems via the establishment of a hierarchical responsibility mechanism, and reshaping culture by enhancing the humanistic literacy of teachers and students, we can ultimately achieve a balance between technological empowerment and ethical governance. This study provides theoretical reference and practical guidance for the standardized application of GenAI in mental health education in colleges and universities.

Cross-border ethnic groups are politically affiliated with different states while maintaining close cultural ties, giving rise to a binary tension between national identity and ethnic identity. This tension, which evolves dynamically, typically manifests in three forms: conflict, alienation and collaboration, and has profound implications for national security and border stability. The construction of modern national identity should not aim to eliminate ethnic identity but rather embrace diversity, optimize the system design and guide identity tensions toward collaborative forms, enabling national and ethnic identities to coexist and reinforce each other. In the Chinese context, optimizing this tension requires the principle of respecting and accommodating ethnic cultures while prioritizing national identity. This entails advancing whole-process people's democracy and the rule of law to ensure equal citizenship and rights; improving fairness in public services and promoting development in border regions; enhancing cultural commonalities to forge a strong sense of Chinese national community; building inter-embedded ethnic communities to foster interaction and integration between cross-border ethnic groups and other domestic ethnic groups. These measures can transform potential risks of binary tension into constructive forces for ethnic solidarity and national security.

Based on the case community research method and the analysis framework of class bidding interaction, it is found that the local bride price market is loosened by the survival-oriented demands of the lower-class female families and diffused by the face-saving demands of the upper-middle-class female families. As a result, the new local bride price market is socially recognized. The marriage payment determination theory formed in this process leads some male families to choose to increase the price proactively to avoid losing the marriage, thus pushing the local bride price market to upgrade and break through again, accelerating the reproduction of the new round of higher bride price demands. The rapid reproduction of the high bride price in rural North China cannot be achieved without the promotion of multiple social dynamic mechanisms. The upward shift mechanism of marriage debt strengthens the desirability of the female's asking price in the marriage market, the family livelihood optimization mechanism enhances the feasibility of the male's bidding, and the weakening mechanism of community norms eliminates the possibility of bride price negotiation between the two families, making the practice of high bride price reproduction sustainable and rational. Therefore, the effective governance of the high bride price in rural North China should focus on strengthening the education of the responsibility of offspring marriage, weakening the unlimited nature of intergenerational marriage responsibility, and rebuilding the moral foundation of bride price negotiation, so as to cut off the social dynamic mechanism of its rapid reproduction.

Based on the experience of local governments in using digital technology to enhance the efficiency of grassroots governance, and by leveraging the theoretical perspective of grassroots governance elements, this paper explains the dimensions and mechanisms through which digital technology empowers grassroots governance. The research finds that digital technology enhances the problem identification ability of grassroots governance subjects through refined analysis of governance objects; improving the ability to integrate multiple governance subjects through process management of governance subjects; strengthening the control over the governance process through regular supervision of the governance process, thereby enhancing the efficiency of grassroots governance. At the same time, digital technology governance also brings a series of new challenges, including the leakage of personal privacy information, the triggering of digital formalism, and the compression of grassroots autonomy. Therefore, it is necessary to standardize the collection and use of governance object information by governance subjects and protect personal privacy; guiding grassroots governance subjects to establish correct concepts and improve the evaluation system of grassroots governance subjects to overcome digital formalism; clarifing the boundaries of digital supervision and grant grassroots governance subjects certain modification rights to balance digital supervision and grassroots autonomy.

Under the modernization rural society, digital technology can overcome the vulnerabilities in rural governance and construct a resilient rural governance system. From the perspective of "integrated governance", the empowerment mechanism of digital technology for resilient rural governance lies in: issue identification through technological empowerment, stakeholder presence via organizational restructuring, and resilience rebuilding amid governance transformation. However, practical examination reveals real-world challenges such as difficulties in accurately identifying issues, ensuring stakeholder presence, and achieving resilience rebuilding. To address these, this study takes "Village Notification" (Cunqingtong) in Longyou County, Quzhou City, Zhejiang Province as a case study and employs case analysis to construct an advanced pathway for collaborative governance between new public governance and digital technology. First, inclusive digitalization enables precise identification of governance issues. Second, integration with rural collective decision-making rules empowers virtual presence of governance stakeholders. Third, establishing a farmer-centered platform organization facilitates the rebuilding of resilient governance approaches. The research demonstrates that integrating digital technology with rural governance is not only an effective pathway for achieving efficient digital rural governance but also a significant strategy for enhancing the modernization of China's governance system and capabilities.

The AI-empowered construction of a leading country in education has evolved from strategic vision to national action in China. Guided by the policy direction of "The Master Plan on Building a Leading Country in Education (2024—2035)", this paper constructs a four-question framework—"Feasibility, Integration, Application, and Strengthening (FIAS)"—to explore the underlying logic and practical pathways for this endeavor. Research finds that AI possesses a deep intrinsic alignment with the political, people-centric, and strategic attributes of education, providing a fundamental possibility for empowering of a leading country in education. AI can achieve deep integration with eight major systems: ideological and political education, basic education, higher education, vocational education, lifelong learning, technological support, teacher development, and international cooperation. An integrated five-pronged path encompassing top-level design, infrastructure, pedagogical practices, literacy mechanisms, and evaluation & governance. Through horizontal international comparisons, vertical domestic development, AI empowerment will drive the paradigm shift in construction of a leading country in education—from a follower to a global leader—forming a globally pioneering Chinese approach.

Based on panel data from 264 prefecture-level and above cities in China between 2011 and 2022, this study constructs a general equilibrium model that incorporates educational human capital cultivation and human capital matching mechanisms to examine how human capital facilitates high-quality economic growth through this integration. The results demonstrate that real-digital integration promotes high-quality economic development by driving quality, efficiency, and dynamism reforms, with more pronounced effects observed in cities with solid economic foundations and supportive policy environments. The underlying mechanisms include increased human capital participation, enhanced human capital accumulation, and more efficient human capital allocation. Further analysis shows that integration between the service sector and digital industries, as well as between physical industries and digital technology application services or digital product manufacturing, plays a particularly important role in advancing high-quality development. Regional comparisons indicate that southern cities have developed a more diverse and effective industrial structure, thereby contributing more significantly to high-quality economic outcomes.

Based on the panel data of 424 commercial banks in China from 2007 to 2023, this paper empirically tests the influence of local government debt expansion on the core profitability index of banks' net interest margin and its mechanism. The results show that the expansion of local government debt significantly reduces the net interest margin of commercial banks, and then weakens their profitability, and this conclusion is valid under a series of robustness tests. Heterogeneity analysis shows that the negative impact of debt expansion on the net interest margin of commercial banks is significantly heterogeneous, especially for non-state-owned banks, unlisted banks and local banks. Further research shows that bank risk-taking behavior plays a moderating role in the relationship between debt expansion and bank net interest margin, and high-risk banks amplify the compression effect of debt expansion on net interest margin by relaxing credit review and increasing leverage ratio. Therefore, local government debt governance should be optimized to prevent inefficient investment from occupying bank credit resources; implementing differentiated and precise banking supervision strategies to improve the ability of banks to manage net interest margin and serve the real economy; strengthening bank risk management and control, and restraining high-risk banks from amplifying the negative impact of debt expansion on bank net interest margin; encouraging banks to use financial technology to identify risks and optimize resource allocation, so as to offset the crowding out effect of local government debt on high-yield enterprise credit.

This paper investigates this issue using panel data from 149 countries spanning over six decades.The study finds that for every 1% increase in the population size of a country's largest city, the fertility rate decreases by an average of 0.0008. This conclusion remains highly robust even after substituting dependent variables, replacing independent variables, excluding outliers, and conducting sub-sample regressions.Heterogeneity analysis reveals that the impact of metropolitanization on fertility is more pronounced in countries with larger populations and more developed economies. Compared to countries within the Islamic cultural spheres, the effect of metropolitanization on fertility is strongest in Buddhist (Confucian) cultural spheres and weakest in Islamic cultural spheres.The mechanism analysis reveals that the returns to scale generated by large cities increase workers' employment probability and wage premiums, thereby raising the opportunity cost of childbearing and creating a substitution effect where work time crowds out time for having children. Moreover, the rise in income among urban residents boosts leisure activities such as tourism and personal hobbies, leading to a further substitution effect where leisure time displaces time for childbearing. Additionally, "congestion effects" in large cities, such as high housing prices and long commuting times, objectively encourage young people to prolong their education, delay marriage and childbearing, and extend their working hours, all of which adversely affect fertility rates.

Algorithmic discrimination arises from the coupling of multiple logics. The historical bias and sample bias of data layer are its "source input", the operation mechanism, design logic, training mode and technical characteristics of algorithm layer constitute "internal self-cause", the technical system and organizational structure of system layer lead to "environmental catalysis", and the power structure and cultural bias of social layer provide "root support". Algorithmic discrimination gives rise to multiple ethical dilemmas, in terms of fairness and justice, formal equality diverges from substantive justice; in terms of responsibility attribution, both the respensible subjects and the relocation of responsibility remains unclear; in terms of autonomy, algorithm agent oversteps human subject; and in terms of human dignity, instrumental rationality devalues the human subject. The governance of algorithmic discrimination needs to build a collaborative framework of technology-law-ethics-society, build the technical foundation of algorithmic fairness through technical correction, build the institutional constraints of algorithmic discrimination through legal regulation, shape the value consensus of algorithmic application through ethical guidance, and unite the governance of algorithmic goodness through social co-governance, so as to realize algorithmic fairness and justice.

From a Marxist ontological perspective, capital governance under the socialist market economy seeks to penetrate the appearance of capital as a "thing" and reveal its essence as a dynamic relation of production and a self-propelling process of valorization. According to Marx's critique of capital, capital exhibits a triple dialectical structure—"thing-relation-process": it is an aggregate of production factors, a social form organized around surplus-value production, and a historical mediator oriented toward its own sublation. This structure contains a civilizational dialectic that both generates productive forces and induces exploitation. The socialist market economy with Chinese characteristics creatively reworks the logic of capital through the primacy of public ownership and a people-centered value orientation, transforming capital from a blindly proliferating "reified subject" into a "historical object" serving common prosperity. Operationally, a three-stage paradigm—regulatory guidance, creative transformation, and dialectical sublation—builds a full-chain governance architecture that restrains disorderly expansion while unleashing capital's civilizing potential. In doing so, it channels the movement of capital toward the emergence of a "new form of human civilization, " offering a philosophically grounded and practically actionable Chinese approach to steering capital.

Applying the fundamental principles, stance, and perspectives of Marxism, this paper systematically elucidates the deep ideological foundations for correctly handling five major relationships in the building of a powerful country in education. Supporting national strategies and meeting public needs constitutes a concentrated manifestation of the Marxist theory of contradictions throughout educational development. The relationship between knowledge acquisition and holistic development offers a contemporary interpretation and evolution of the Marxist concept of all-round human development. The connection between talent cultivation and societal demands profoundly reflects practical requirements of educational development, particularly illustrating the dialectical relationship between social existence and social consciousness. The balance between regulation and vitality serves as a crucial guideline for advancing comprehensive educational reform, embodying the educational application of the "necessity and freedom" dialectic. The interplay between cultural confidence and open inclusiveness extends and manifests the relationship between education and a nation's cultural soft power, demonstrating fundamental laws of dialectics.

From a global comparative perspective, the modernization processes of today's developing countries are significantly diverse and present an increasingly complex and multi-faceted picture. Based on a review of modernization theories, a comprehensive analytical framework is constructed from six dimensions: development concepts, material foundations, internal conditions, external environments, governance systems and their capabilities, and the level of modernization development, to explain the differences in modernization paths among different countries. From this framework, it can be seen that striving for national independence, adhering to an independent path, building an effective government, maintaining openness and cooperation, correctly treating traditions, and creating a favorable external environment are the basic experiences of modernization construction in developing countries. Orderly turmoil, "growth without development", premature deindustrialization, widening wealth gap, population issues, ecological crises, and development vulnerability are becoming obstacles to the modernization process of developing countries. The theoretical implications are that the modernization path of developing countries is neither smooth nor fixed. The key to the smooth progress of modernization in developing countries lies in the governing ability and leadership position of the ruling party, the construction of a governance system and national capacity that adapt to modernization development, maintaining a dynamic balance between development and costs, and establishing a fair and reasonable new international political and economic order.

Based on the data of listed companies from 2000 to 2023, this study employs a two-way fixed-effects model to construct a task model framework and empirically assess the impact of enterprise artificial intelligence application on the labor income share. The results show that AI adoption can effectively increase the labor income share, especially in labor-intensive and high-tech enterprises, as well as in regions with a high level of digital infrastructure construction and a low degree of market segmentation. The mechanism analysis shows that the AI adoption affects the labor income share through the effects of new task creation, automation expansion, automation deepening effect, and financing constraint relief. Accordingly, policy guidance and institutional design should be strengthened to facilitate the transmission of AI-driven benefits to labor income. Furthermore, attention should be paid to the differentiated effects of AI adoption across enterprise types and regions, so as to effectively promote the labor income share.

Drawing on spatial theory, this paper examines the spatial heterogeneity characteristics of grassroots social governance in China's megacities and explores pathways for enabling governance through digital technologies. An integrated analytical framework is constructed to interpret the underlying logic of spatial heterogeneity in megacities through three dimensions: physical space, social space, and psychological space. Physical space refers to the geographical realm constituted by material entities, representing a division based on urban geography. Social space denotes the abstract domain constructed through social relations, group interactions, and social identities, manifested in the distribution and interweaving of social categories such as class, occupation, and culture within spatial contexts. Psychological space encompasses the abstract domain shaped by individuals or groups through cognition, emotion, and symbolic systems, involving subjective experiences and meaning-making related to space, including dimensions such as memory, identity, and value conflicts. Building on this tripartite spatial analysis, the study proposes three-dimensional governance framework of "population structure-spatial function-flow intensity". This classification system leverages digital technologies to enable precise identification of governance targets, dynamic allocation of governance resources, and collaborative participation in governance processes, thereby establishing a closed-loop operational mechanism. The classification-based governance model effectively addresses structural contradictions in traditional governance, such as delayed demand response, severe resource misallocation, and insufficient community building. It facilitates a paradigm shift in grassroots governance in megacities from an "experience-driven" to a "data-driven" approach.

Effectively identifying multiple factors that affect the operational quality of government hotlines and their synergistic effects is of great significance for enhancing the hotlines' ability to serve the people and thereby giving full play to their role in government governance. Based on the TOE framework, this paper takes 31 provincial 12345 government affairs hotlines as cases and uses the fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) method to discuss the linkage effect and driving path of technology, organization, and environment conditions on local governments to improve the operation quality of 12345 government affairs hotlines. The findings are as follows: (1) The conditions affecting the improvement of the operation quality of government hotlines have the nature of complex interaction, that is, the technical, organizational, and environmental factors cannot constitute the necessary conditions alone, and the four configuration conditions together constitute the driving path to improve the operation quality of government hotlines; (2) The eastern, central and western provinces have obvious differences in the ways of improving the operation quality of government hotlines. The findings contribute to deepening the understanding of the complex and interactive nature of multiple factors behind the development of government hotlines in our country, and suggests that local governments formulate policies based on local conditions to improve the operational quality of government hotlines.

Grounded in the Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) framework, this study investigates the artificial intelligence-empowered, precision-oriented community elderly care service model. It systematically elucidates the model's construction logic within the theoretical context of smart elderly care, which centers on data-driven processes, prioritizes demand identification, and is supported by resource matching. Through a multi-case grounded analysis, the study identifies practical challenges including data barriers that create information silos, a disconnect between technological applications and the age-specific needs of the elderly, and a shortage of professional personnel. In response, a trinity support system integrating "technology, service, and management" is proposed. This system involves utilizing the Internet of Things and intelligent algorithms to enable dynamic perception of service demands, establishing cross-departmental data-sharing mechanisms to dismantle information barriers, enhancing service accessibility through online-offline integration, and improving the composite talent training and guarantee system. The model provides a feasible solution for addressing the misallocation of community elderly care resources by improving service efficiency and reducing operational costs, thereby holding significant practical value for advancing the modernization of elderly care governance.

Marx's critique of capitalist modernity contains a profound philosophical dimension concerning life. Drawing on Marx's analytical approach to life issues, it is of practical significance to examine the deep-rooted causes and multidimensional manifestations of human life dilemmas from the perspective of critiquing modernity and to explore pathways for their transcendence. The root of life dilemmas in capitalist modernity lies in the irreconcilable contradiction between the mode of production and the relations of production, which manifests concretely as the opposition between labor and capital, the separation of body and spirit, the inversion of means and ends, and the alienation of the individual from society. The externalization of these life dilemmas is reflected in the infringement of the right to life and the crisis of the meaning-world, specifically including the decline in quality of life and happiness index at the level of life patterns, the increased prevalence of psychological issues and mental illnesses at the level of personality traits, and the distortion of cultural concepts and social institutions at the level of developmental challenges. To transcend the contemporary dilemmas of life, collective efforts from the state, society, and individuals are required. At the state level, there should be active promotion of reforms to address the inherent contradictions of modernity; at the societal level, a robust dominant meaning system should be constructed; and at the individual level, people should enrich the self-determined essence of life through practice. By synergizing subjective and objective, internal and external forces, various obstacles restricting the development of human life can be transcend, achieving the fulfillment and grounding of life.

The disposal of assets involved in illegal fundraising cases currently operates under a dual administrative-judicial framework, each presenting distinct deficiencies. The administrative model suffers from insufficient procedural transparency and a lack of effective redress mechanisms, while the judicial model faces enforcement challenges and high relief costs due to ambiguous rulings. These issues stem from a fragmented legal framework, blurred delineation of authority among competent entities, and inadequate rights protection. To reconcile the evolving values of criminal procedure with the due process requirement of equality between prosecution and defense, this article proposes the establishment of an independent disposal procedure. This procedure should incorporate mechanisms for explicit claim assertion, accommodate the legitimate interests of stakeholders, employ specialized rules of evidence for asset-related fact-finding, and maintain dynamic coordination with the primary adjudication process, thereby ensuring procedural fairness and legitimacy.

As a domestically developed large reasoning model, DeepSeek-R1's legitimacy in participating in legal reasoning stems from the practical needs of judicial digitalization, its technical advantages, and the policy support of China's "AI+" strategy. In simple criminal cases with sufficient evidence and clear legal provisions, DeepSeek-R1 demonstrates broad application prospects in formal legal reasoning. It can leverage the advantages of hybrid neural network architectures to improve the quality and efficiency of evidentiary reasoning and legal application, generate multiple investigative narrative hypotheses through abductive reasoning, and show potential in comprehensive fact-finding. However, in complex cases involving insufficient evidence or ambiguous legal issues, DeepSeek-R1 exhibits notable deficiencies in substantive legal reasoning. Specifically, its reasoning capability declines in traditional crime cases with weak evidence; it misinterprets open-ended legal provisions; and its acquittal reasoning is weak due to imbalanced training data. To overcome these limitations, a human-machine collaborative rationality-enhancing model should be established for complex cases. This involves improving the model's empirical common-sense learning by precisely "feeding" manually annotated data, and embedding visualized value judgments into reasoning algorithms using chain-of-thought techniques to guide model optimization. At the same time, the auxiliary role of DeepSeek-R1 must be clearly defined, ensuring that the ultimate responsibility and value orientation in judicial decision-making remain with human legal professionals.

Digital Capitalism, as the embodiment of capital logic in data space, gives rise to persistent structural tensions in its rights architecture. Under algorithmic governance, rights-bearing individuals are reduced to data points, while the meaning of rights is reconfigured into computable variables under platform monopolies. The realization of rights is simultaneously constrained by the expansionary demand of data capital and the domination exercised through computing power. This produces a dual alienation: the recognition of rights is obscured by the myth of technological determinism, and the protection of rights is weakened by capital-driven algorithmic design. The root cause lies in the reconstruction of traditional rights relations by the data value chain, subordinating rights claims to the accumulation logic of digital capital. To address this paradox, a two-way corrective mechanism is needed: empowering digital labor through data democratization and fair distribution, while constraining capital power through algorithmic regulation and auditing. Such institutional change is essential not only for safeguarding rights in the digital era, but also for advancing social fairness and justice.

Against the backdrop of economic transformation and sustainable development, cultivating patient capital and enhancing corporate green innovation capabilities are crucial pathways to achieving high-quality development. Using data from Chinese A-share listed companies from 2009 to 2023, this study empirically examines the impact of patient capital investment on corporate green innovation, its transmission mechanisms, and heterogeneous manifestations. Results indicate that patient capital investment significantly enhances corporate green innovation levels. This conclusion remains robust after testing for instrument variables, replacement variables, exclusion of exogenous shocks, and fixed effects. Mechanism tests reveal that patient capital investment boosts green innovation capabilities through three pathways: reputation effects, corporate governance effects, and innovation network effects. Heterogeneity analysis reveals that the promotional effect of patient capital investment on green innovation is more pronounced in high-tech industries, firms with weaker environmental regulations, lower marketization levels, and higher industry competition. Therefore, governments should improve green financial systems to channel patient capital toward green innovation sectors, strengthen green innovation networks to enhance synergistic effects, implement differentiated policies to precisely support key enterprises and regions, and enhance market environment development to boost the investment efficiency of patient capital.

To regulate the labeling of AI-generated content, Chinese law has established a system of labeling obligations for AI-generated content. Currently, implementation of these regulations may face multiple challenges, stemming from a lack of clarity regarding the legal rationale behind these obligations. Therefore, the ethical concept of "Beneficial AI" must be introduced to clarify the legal rationale behind these obligations. This concept of "Beneficial AI" updates the concept of AI content governance and aligns with the inherent "ethics-first" principle of the labeling system. It helps define the core value of labeling obligations, foster a multi-layered understanding of the labeling obligation system, and build a secure and trustworthy AI ecosystem. In the future, the implementation path of these obligations should be optimized based on this concept of "Beneficial AI." At the value foundation level, the core value of labeling obligations should be to enhance human well-being, respect human autonomy, safeguard the interests of vulnerable groups, and balance innovation, inclusiveness, and security and trustworthiness in AI. At the obligation fulfillment level, labeling obligations should be differentiated between the R&D and application levels, with principled, standardized, and procedural regulations implemented at the R&D level and scenario-based regulations implemented at the application level. At the responsibility level, incentives and penalties should be combined to encourage relevant entities to voluntarily fulfill their labeling obligations.

Fiscal system reform is an important force in the reform and development of the fields of education, science and technology, and talents, and has gone through four stages of development, namely, early exploration, program management, market promotion, and overall deployment. From the practice of institutional transformation, the fiscal support strategy for education, science and technology and talents can not only inject a strong impetus for education, science and technology and talents systemic change, but also for education, science and technology and talents to achieve high-quality development goals to provide a basic guarantee, more education, science and technology and talents integration and integration of the three development to create favorable conditions. Attention should be focused on the allocation relationship between the government and the market, the interaction between the central and local governments, the same-track relationship between national governance and the people's supremacy, as well as the progressive relationship between institutional reforms and quality enhancement, so as to ensure the scientific allocation and efficient use of finances in the fields of education, science and technology, and talents. On the new journey, fiscal support for the high-quality development of education, science and technology, and talents still faces such problems as weak fiscal synergy, insufficient investment intensity, and limited adaptability. To this end, we must adhere to the fiscal strategy of a major country, further focus on key areas such as education, science and technology, and talent development, deepen fiscal and tax system reforms, enhance the capacity for coordinated fiscal resource allocation, and promote the steady and sustained advancement of building China into a leading nation in education, science and technology, and talent development.

In the literary world of the late Ming Dynasty, the Gong'an School and Jingling School emerged successively, which had a profound impact on the transformation of the poetic style of the late Ming Dynasty. Gong'an School and Jingling School have a high degree of consistency in their admiration for extraordinary people, but there are huge differences in their understanding of this kind of people. The extraordinary people depicted by Zhong Xing and Tan Yuanchun often have a cold and stern personality background, profound and meticulous personality traits, quiet and reclusive temperament, profound moral cultivation, and ancient academic pursuits. These factors are reflected in the creative philosophy and aesthetic approach of the Jingling School, which includes a rigorous and cautious creative attitude, a deep and meticulous aesthetic characteristic, a contemplative and immersive writing state, an ethico-aesthetic ideal of substantial depth, and a way of learning from the past to connect with the present. Since the mid to late Ming Dynasty, exceptional people often carried a distinct charactristic of Kuangzhe(the bold type), whereas the Jingling School transformed the ideal author from extroverted "Kuangzhe" to introverted "Juanzhe"(the scrupulously restrained type), at the same time endowing extraordinary people with profound cultural and moral connotations. This made the poetic temperament of Zhong and Tan more inclined towards depth and stillness rather than liveliness, and also promoted the gradual return of late Ming poetry to traditional elegant literature in terms of aesthetic and creative methods.

The phenomenon of participation backflow in rural grassroots governance in China is characterized by a dynamic evolution that reverts to a state of insufficient participation during the process of democratic transformation through participation activation. This is distinct from a persistently low level of participation or the failure of participation activation. Compared with the global "democratic recession" and Putnam's "participation attenuation" theory, participation backflow is marked by its asynchrony, non-uniformity, and unique driving mechanisms. An analysis of the typical case of "one matter, one discussion" reveals that the activation of public participation is highly dependent on and constrained by administrative power. Its essence is a tool for modernizing national governance, serving the goals of regime building, risk control, and development. As rural governance enters the era of a strong state, the enhanced state capacity has led to a shift from a risk control strategy that relies on participation empowerment to a control model that emphasizes the stripping of participation, thereby systematically squeezing the space for autonomy and triggering participation backflow. Participation backflow can occur independently of governance effectiveness and does not equate to democratic regression or democratic failure. The development of grassroots democracy requires addressing the tension between normative values and the political power base, the dynamic transformation of the relationship between the descent of administrative power and the activation of public participation, and the complex paradox between the activation of public participation and the goal of equalizing governance performance.

Under the new development concept, emerging industries such as strategic emerging industries and future industries have become the key focus of driving new quality productivity to pursue quality and enhance momentum with their cutting-edge advantages and unlimited potential. On the basis of clarifying the scientific connotation of strategic emerging industries, future industries and new quality productivity, this paper systematically combs the theoretical logic and realistic logic of strategic emerging industries and future industries to empower new quality productivity. The theoretical logic is manifested in promoting the upgrading and transition of "technology-factor-industry, " that is, building a new quality productivity growth driven by technological innovation, optimizing the allocation of factors as a lever to leverage the growth pole of new quality productivity, activating the new quality productivity empowerment chain with industrial collaborative upgrading as the engine. Its realistic logic is manifested in creating new opportunities for "opening-development-employment", that is, opening up "new windows" at a high level, outlining a "new blueprint" for sustainable development, laying the "new way" of high-quality employment. In order to promote the development of new quality productivity, strategic emerging industries and future industries should focus on strengthening basic R & D and key core technologies, and broaden the boundary of new quality productivity, anchoring the tide of opening up and innovation, and strengthening the development advantages of new quality productivity, giving full play to the joint efforts to cultivate emerging industries and help the development of new quality productivity to a new direction.

Based on data from the 2015-2023 Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS), a double fixed-effects model was used to examine the impact of social class identity on fertility intentions. The study found that social class identity has a significant positive effect on fertility intentions, which operates through increased educational and housing pressure and reduced happiness. Heterogeneity analysis revealed that the impact of social class identity on fertility intentions varies between urban and rural areas, with a significantly greater effect on rural residents than on urban residents. Gender tests indicate that while social class identity positively affects fertility intentions for both men and women, the impact is more pronounced for women, which may be related to gender role perceptions, fertility costs, urban-rural resource differences. Therefore, to increase fertility intentions among the reproductive-age population, efforts should be made to alleviate educational and housing pressure on lower social class groups, improve the income distribution system and living security to enhance residents' happiness, and improve childcare services while formulating differentiated fertility policies.

In the digital age, generative artificial intelligence has become a significant technological force driving the development of AI in criminal justice. Compared with traditional AI-assisted sentencing systems, generative AI exhibits substantial differences in technical principles, application methods, and potential impacts. Generative AI-assisted sentencing can achieve intelligent innovation in the application of evidence rules through the digital deconstruction and reconstruction of evidentiary elements, the innovative expansion of evidence types, the in-depth mining of evidence relevance, and the digital standardization of evidence standards. However, it also faces risks such as disputes over the admissibility of evidence, the obscuring of decision-making logic by the "algorithmic black box", the implicit shift of the burden of proof due to algorithmic authority, and the consolidation of historical data biases into implicit presumptions. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a dynamic evidence classification framework and a two-tier review mechanism, enhance algorithmic transparency and expert assistance systems to ensure the effectiveness of cross-examination, and simultaneously implement data cleaning and bias detection mechanisms to block implicit presumptions. Ultimately, the principle of "human as the subject, technology as the tool" should be established, steering artificial intelligence back to its auxiliary role.

The rapid advancement of the new technological revolution, particularly Artificial Intelligence (AI), is profoundly reshaping the operation of civil justice. AI demonstrates high efficiency and accuracy in case allocation, legal research, precedent comparison, and judicial assistance, contributing to improved judicial efficiency, reduced labor costs, and enhanced consistency in rulings. However, its application also faces complex challenges, including ethical judgment, data bias, privacy protection, and legal applicability. Without clear boundaries and supervisory mechanisms, AI may undermine judicial independence and fairness. As a judicial tool, AI must remain strictly under the control of judges, ensuring the independence, transparency, and legality of judicial decisions, while establishing clear responsibility allocation and traceable oversight mechanisms to review system design, algorithm optimization and data selection, preventing bias and misuse. Interdisciplinary collaboration plays a crucial role in this process, as the integration of legal and technical expertise not only provides legal and ethical safeguards but also continuously optimizes AI applications through dynamic feedback mechanisms, ensuring alignment with social fairness and the rule of law in diverse judicial practices. By clarifying technical boundaries, ethical requirements, and regulatory pathways, AI can be positioned as a supportive tool within civil justice and foster effective integration between technology and judicial institutions, providing both theoretical guidance and institutional reference.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a crucial driving force for advancing the new type of industrialization. The enabling role of artificial intelligence (AI) in advancing new industrialization is primarily manifested through three major theoretical mechanisms. First, the factor mechanism influencing industrial chain entities: through factor enhancement effect, factor complementarity effect, and factor substitution effect, it drives industrial chain entities to shift their production and operation models toward data and algorithm-driven approaches thereby reshaping their curvs. Second, the connection mechanism promoting industrial chain linkages: the convenience, flexibility, and network effects of connections will continuously expand the production possibility frontier, lead to a growing number of platform-based organizations, and make the trend of virtual agglomeration increasingly prominent. Third, the iteration mechanism that advancing industrial chain dynamics: through speed effect, scope effect, and competition effect, it boosts production efficiency, accelerates enterprise dynamics, and drives the evolution of market structure and governance. To maximize the enabling potential of AI for new industrialization, it is essential to clarify four core relationships: the role definition between government and market, the dynamic balance between costs and benefits, the boundary demarcation between competition and involution, and the coordination logic between development and regulation. Additionally, it is imperative to proactively remove obstacles and constraints from four dimensions—capability, demand, competition, and institutions.

This paper focuses on the core dimension of "sense of gain, " analyzing the practical manifestations and underlying mechanisms of insufficient perceived gains during the current construction of a unified large market. Research findings reveal that factors such as inadequate coordination between dismantling and establishing new systems, polarized regional factor flows, lagging market scale growth, restrictions on factor mobility, divergent regulatory standards, and unequal public services have weakened the genuine perception of the unified market's effectiveness among citizens and enterprises. Drawing on institutional economics and behavioral science theories, this paper proposes a four-dimensional driving mechanism: empowering institutional innovation, ensuring procedural justice and fairness, strengthening domestic circulation, and optimizing public services. It specifically designs reform pathways and mechanisms centered on two fundamental qualities of the socialist market economy system: the free flow of factors and unified competition rules. Research indicates that only by effectively translating strategic and policy dividends into tangible benefits and conveniences for market entities and the public can consensus on reform be forged, thereby establishing the public support and social momentum necessary for building a unified national market.

Child care services serve as a crucial pathway to alleviate the educational challenges faced by rural left-behind children and promote their healthy development. Based on survey data from 1222 left-behind children in five counties (districts) of Hubei Province, this study employs regression analysis and propensity score matching (PSM) to empirically examine the impact of different care service models on children's social-emotional competence. The findings reveal that among the three types of care services, teacher support has a significantly positive effect on social-emotional competence and all its five dimensions. Children's club activities mainly enhance open-mindedness, collaborative skills, and interpersonal abilities, while the boarding model shows no statistically significant effect. Further mechanism analysis indicates that teacher support primarily promotes social-emotional competence by strengthening children's self-educational expectations, whereas children's club activities exert influence by improving peer relationships. Accordingly, it is recommended to systematically optimize the care service system by enhancing the educational function of boarding schools, improving teachers' caring capacity, and establishing home-school-community collaboration mechanisms, so as to improve the effectiveness of the services.

Low-altitude aviation and traditional aviation differ fundamentally in terms of flight planning, airspace utilization, value objectives, and other aspects, revealing the inadequacy of the traditional regulatory paradigm. In particular, the operational characteristics of low-altitude aircraft, being "low-altitude, slow-speed, small-sized, and numerous", pose a systemic challenge to the traditional "command-control" regulatory model built on the management experience of "high-altitude, high-speed, large aircraft." As a new governance tool, incentive-based regulation aims to balance the tension between safety and development values through interest-inducement mechanisms. However, in practice, it faces the inherent conflict between "incentive" and "regulation, " as well as the rule-of-law dilemma arising from the blurred boundaries of administrative discretion. The root of the former lies in the unclarified constitutional logic of property rights allocation in the low-altitude economy domain; the latter manifests as a puzzle of discretion limits caused by abstract rules, contextualized standards, and uncertain timing of intervention. To resolve the conflict between "incentive" and "regulation, " it is necessary to construct a composite governance mechanism integrating administrative guidance, administrative agreements, and negative incentives, thereby achieving a dialectical unity of incentive and restraint. Regarding the limitation of administrative discretion, institutional designs including low-altitude airspace classification, graded aircraft regulation, and multi-collaborative oversight should be implemented to transform subjective discretion into the application of objective rules, thereby enhancing regulatory certainty and predictability.

Conceptualizing of teaching experience is the process in which individual or community teachers use classroom teaching activities as a carrier to explicitly, systematically, and theoretically transform teaching experience into practical knowledge for teachers. The value and logic of teacher professional development in conceptualizing teaching experience is to promote the autonomous development of individual teachers' natural abilities by focusing on their own teaching experience, deepening their self reflection on experience, and generating their personal practical wisdom. At the same time, by sharing teaching experience collectively, publicizing personal experience, and constructing practical knowledge for teacher communities, it can stimulate collaborative development among teachers. In this regard, to realize the professional development value of teachers and the theoretical sublimation of teaching experience, the practice of conceptualizing teaching experience requires frontline teachers to act as conceptual subjects, follow the basic logic of theoretical sublimation of teaching experience, construct an operable path of "transforming experience to create knowledge", and seek organizational support for the integration of school "system, culture, and tools".

In the "Introduction to the Critique of Political Economy", Marx constructed an analytical framework for production relations from three levels: ownership dimension of production relations, the "four links" production, distribution, exchange, consumption of production relations, and the superstructure. This provides a reference for exploring the production relations and their changes in the digital age. The emergence of data as a new production factor in the digital age has increasingly demonstrated its multiplier effect, leading to significant changes in the composition and power structure of the ownership of production materials, reshaping the roles and positions of the overall "four links" of production relations, and making the digital transformation of the superstructure more prominent. Together, these constitute the evolving trend of production relations in the digital age, making the production relations in the digital age exhibit distinct social-historical, dynamic and diverse characteristics. To promote the transformation of production relations in the digital age, we should adhere to the principle of "resolutely making changes where necessary and not making changes where unnecessary", and continue to advance the innovation and development of Marxist production relations theory; highlight the "focus on economic system reform" as a driving force, and clarify the main attack points and breakthroughs for the transformation of production relations; and adhere to the inherent requirement of "emphasizing both the development of social productive forces and the improvement of production relations", promoting the development of the digital economy from both the perspectives of production relations and productive forces.

Faced with the deepening trends of population aging, the increasing proportion of the oldest-old, and the challenges of persistently low fertility intentions and low birth rates, establishing a comprehensive population service system that covers all demographic groups and the entire life cycle, with a focus on the "Old and Young", constitutes a systematic social governance initiative for Beijing in the new era to actively address the issues of an aging population and sub-replacement fertility. However, influenced primarily by the weakening care capacity of families as the main caregivers, the mismatch between social service supply and demand, and insufficient precision in safeguarding key groups, the development of "Old and Young" initiatives in Beijing still faces severe challenges. Accordingly, this paper proposes to ground the approach in the specific context of Beijing's "Old and Young" situation, leverage the advantages of a megacity's scale and institutional resources, and focus on building a new framework for the "Old and Young" initiatives characterized by "Quality Home-Caring and Shared Social Responsibility", which integrates traditional Chinese cultural elements with modern governance effictiveness. Specifically, it suggests adopting a life-cycle human capital investment perspective to coordinate the governance of aging, utilizing "Developmental Family Policies" to comprehensively empower families in their primary caregiving roles for the "Old and Young", and implementing targeted measures to provide differentiated care for key groups among the "Old and Young".

With the increasingly fierce global competition and rapid changes in the market environment, the digital and intelligent transformation has become the core driving force to enhance the resilience of enterprise supply chain. Based on the perspective of production network, using the data of A-share listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen from 2012 to 2023, this paper systematically investigates the direct effect and network spillover effect of digital and intelligent transformation on supply chain disruption risk. The results show that: firstly, the digital and intelligent transformation of enterprises can significantly reduce the supply chain disruption risk, and the digital and intelligent transformation of upstream enterprises will have spillover effect through the production network, which will indirectly reduce the supply chain disruption risk of downstream enterprises. Secondly, the digital and intelligent transformation mainly operates through three mechanisms: the driving effect of innovation ability, the enhancing effect of operational ability and the enhancing effect of market power. Thirdly, the role of digital and intelligent transformation in reducing the risk of supply chain interruption is more prominent in high-tech industries, eastern regions, growth periods and enterprises with high supply chain concentration. Therefore, we should strengthen the guidance and support of enterprises' digital and intelligent transformation and strengthen the capacity building of digital and intelligent transformation; We should also implement differentiated transformation strategies according to the development stage of enterprises, industry attributes, regions and other factors.

The state's authority over education is profoundly underpinned by traditional legal culture of China. At the theoretical level, the normative reconstruction of the state's authority over education should fully utilize traditional cultural resources, resolve the structural tension between the protection of the state's authority over education and the right to education, and promote the transformation of the state's authority over education from institutional culture to the normative transformation of national rationality. At the practical level, the multidimensional presentation of the constitutional practice of the state's authority over education should integrate Marxist jurisprudence with the Chinese legal system as its root. Meanwhile, the cultural essence of the state's authority over education should be implemented in the practice of educational rule of law, thereby promoting the systematic expression of the state's authority over education in the compilation of the education code, achieving the institutional shaping of cultural subjectivity through scientific methods.