Utilizing the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) data and employing the difference-in-differences method, this study evaluates the welfare effects of the long-term care insurance pilot policy on residents in the region. The results show that long-term care insurance mainly alleviates the medical burden on families in pilot cities by reducing downward intergenerational support and promoting household consumption, thereby improving individuals' self-rated health and psychological well-being. However, the long-term care insurance system has not yet brought about overall welfare effects, which can be attributed to factors such as urban-rural disparities, insurance coverage models, age structures, and policy duration. At the same time, macro data were used to test the positive externalities generated by the long-term care insurance policy at the level of the whole society, specifically in terms of income effects, consumption effects and employment effects. Therefore, the pace of establishing a long-term care insurance system should be accelerated; the transformation of informal care into formal care should be promoted; emphasis should be placed on creating a sound health management system and differentiating long-term care insurance policies to maximize welfare effects; the coverage of long-term care insurance should be expanded to ensure the fairness and effectiveness of the policy; and synergies in various fields should be strengthened to give full play to the positive externalities of long-term care insurance at the social level.

Based on the historical experience of China's 15th Five-Year Plan, this paper systematically studies key elements, including the transformation of economic development strategies, innovations in planning formulation methodologies, social development conditions, and the evolution of the international economic landscape. Through assessment of the external development environment and trend analysis, the research finds that global economic uncertainty has intensified, a new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation is accelerating, and the global trade environments, rules and regulations, and governance systems are undergoing dramatic transformation. Based on the analysis of domestic development foundations and challenges, further research indicates that high-quality economic development has achieved breakthroughs while multiple downward pressures persist, and industrial structure upgrading continues to accelerate while risks coexist in key sectors, technological self-reliance and self-strengthening show preliminary results while shortcomings in core areas remain prominent, coordinated regional development advances steadily while regional disparities still require narrowing, and human capital levels improve steadily while demographic structural challenges emerge. Based on the above analysis, it is recommended that the 15th Five-Year Plan should focus on improving the planning system and policy coordination mechanisms, intensifying implementation of expansionary macroeconomic policies, accelerating industrial structure transformation and upgrading, vigorously promoting high-level technological self-reliance and self-strengthening, advancing coordinated regional development and urban-rural integration, proactively responding to demographic structural changes, and promoting risk prevention and reform in key sectors.

Artificial intelligence offers unprecedented historical opportunities to achieve freedom of life and spiritual freedom, but it brings challenges such as how to address anxiety over job replacement and how to ensure that in the education of artificial intelligence, the life and practice of humans are reflected, preventing intelligent machines from replacing human embodied cognition, emotional experiences, and spiritual activities. Zhuangzi's thought of "learning to swim" aims to cultivate the physical and mental ability to achieve life freedom and spiritual freedom, and embodies the life consciousness and aesthetic pursuit of Zhuangzi's educational thought. The original meaning of the word "Xiaoyao" is "reduce and shake", which reflects the subject consciousness of "things and I are integrated" and the knowledge construction view of "The hub of the Tao and the middle of the ring". In the era of artificial intelligence, education should draw on Zhuangzi's educational philosophy of "harmonious development of body and spirit", promoting the comprehensive and free growth of students body and mind. It should guide students to form an optimistic and proactive attitude towards life and cultivate the ability for symbiosis with machines, as well as the innovative capacity to participate in the digital construction of social consensus through embodied practice. Artificial intelligence literacy education should be integrated into daily teaching activities as much as possible, avoiding overemphasizing the job replacement crisis of artificial intelligence technology, and should not increase the burden on students under the guise of cultivating artificial intelligence literacy.

Based on the data of A-share listed companies in China from 2010 to 2022, and with the establishment of the National Big Data Comprehensive Pilot Zone as an exogenous policy shock, this study empirically tests the impact of big data development on the scale of labor employment in enterprises using the staggered difference in different model. Research has found that big data development has a significant impact on the scale of labor employment in enterprises, which can be achieved by promoting digital transformation of enterprises, and alleviating liquidity constraints. Heterogeneity analysis has found that for state-owned enterprises, capital intensive enterprises, and enterprises located in high administrative level cities, the role of big data development in expanding labor employment scale is more significant. Further research has found that big data development can also increase the proportion of R&D personnel, narrow the wage gap between ordinary employees and management, and promote common prosperity within the enterprise. Therefore, big data development should be regarded as an important tool for the country to implement the policy of stabilizing employment and ensuring employment. Promote digital transformation of enterprises, alleviate liquidity constraints, and facilitate the transmission channels of big data development to expand the scale of enterprise employment. Combining urban resources with enterprise endowments, implementing policies tailored to local conditions and enterprises, and improving the accuracy of big data policies.

Qidi (Eight-banner land) served as the economic foundation of the Eight Banners system in the Qing Dynasty, and was a pivotal pillar of the establishment and ethnic oppression practiced by the Qing state. These lands were primarily distributed in Jifu (the capital region and adjacent areas), Fengtian (modern Liaoning), and other garrison areas of the Eight Banners. Upon the establishment of the Republic of China, the government initiated a survey and remeasurement of Qidi, categorizing them into grades, collecting land prices, issuing licenses, and converting Qidi into Mindi (civilian land). This process is termed as"the transformation of Qidi into Mindi." Taking Jifu, Fengtian, and Nanjing as case studies, this paper examines the origin, process, and impact of the measurement and distribution of Qidi in the early Republic of China. By measuring and distributing Qidi, the government collected payments, which corrupt officials exploited for personal gain. Meanwhile, the former Qing imperial family members, noblemen, and upper-class Banner people sold their land while collecting land prices, while landlords and tenants (sharecroppers) economically strengthened themselves by purchasing Qidi. The measurement and distribution of Qidi lasted for three decades, ultimately leading to the complete collapse of the Eight Banners land system. As Qidi was converted into Mindi, parasitic Banner landlords ceased to exist, and land-related lawsuits greatly decreased. This led to the unification of national land tax systems, and new landowners and smallholder farmers invested greater enthusiasm into production, thereby promoting the recovery and development of the agricultural economy. The transformation of Qidi into Mindi also encouraged Manchus to break free from the constraints of the Eight banner system and embark on self-sustaining livelihoods.

By systematically sorting out the diverse symbolic expressions in the inheritance of red culture, including material entities, behavioral activities, language and writing, and artistic creation, and taking the symbolic expression forms in the inheritance process of Zhao Shang-zhi's revolutionary spirit as a case study, this essay pointed out that the driving role of the symbolic expression of revolutionary spirit in the inheritance of red culture is mainly achieved through three mechanisms: emotional bonds, memory inheritance strengthening, and value shaping. On this basis, optimization strategies for the symbolic expression and identification construction of revolutionary spirit in the inheritance of red culture were proposed: to fully utilize the network and physical space, combine the advantages of industrial integration, and promote the integration of red culture with tourism, education, cultural and creative industries, technology and other fields; to improve the construction of channels and platforms for the dissemination of red culture, establish a sound management mechanism for the dissemination of red cultural symbols, and strengthen digital and technological empowerment; to carry out characteristic red culture education activities for different groups, create a good atmosphere for the whole society to inherit red culture, and promote the recognition of revolutionary spirit by combining regional cultural characteristics.

As a dual "marginal figure" in terms of ethnicity and social class, Jin Midi, the son of the Xiongnu King Xiutu attended the Western Han court as a captive and horse tender. Around 119 BCE (the fourth year of Yuanshou reign), significant changes in Han-Xiongnu relations prompted Emperor Wu to revive Jia Yi's "Three Demonstrations and Five Enticements" strategy, seeking to "tame the Xiongnu through benevolence" by preferentially treating surrendered nobles. As the "exemplary defector", Jin Midi became a key performer in the imperial spectacle of "Four Yi's Subduing". His loyalty manifested not as mere moral consciousness, but rather as a complex interplay between imperial indoctrination and survival tactics-necessitating both compliance with the emperor's expectation of Hua-Yi order and navigation of court intrigues. The historical construction of Jin Midi's image involved multiple determinants. Ban Gu's Book of Han strategically reshaped his narrative through selective editing and ethical reframing, incorporating him into Confucian loyalty-filialty discourse. This historiographical treatment served both the imperial cultural agenda and correlated with the rising influence of Confucian scholars during Huo Guang's regency, as well as the political standing of Jin's descendants. The enduring image of Jin Midi ultimately emerged as a collusion of imperial manipulation, personal agency, and historiographical discourse.

Based on the panel data of cities at prefecture level and above from 2011 to 2022, this paper constructs a multiple linear regression model, and empirically studies the influence of the development of new quality productive forces on the overall revitalization of rural areas and its mechanism. The results show that the development of new quality productive forces is conducive to the overall revitalization of rural areas, and the three main bodies of rural high-quality farmers, scientific and technological innovation enterprises and investment and financing institutions have a positive moderating effect on the promotion of new quality productive forces. Further research shows that, in terms of time series, the new quality productive forces enabling rural comprehensive revitalization has long-term sustainability and continues to play a positive role in a long time. In terms of spatial distribution, the overall rural revitalization enabled by new quality productive forces has regional spillover effect, and prefecture-level cities with higher levels of new quality productive forces have a positive driving effect on other prefecture-level cities in the same province. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new quality productive forces according to local conditions in order to perfect the long-term mechanism of all-round rural revitalization; build a multi-subject rural innovation system led by high-quality farmers, scientific and technological innovation enterprises and green financial institutions; pay attention to the long-term effects of new quality productive forces, and strengthen the dynamic monitoring and evaluation of policy implementation effects.

As a new quality of productivity in the digital era, algorithms have become a key driver to boost social development. Focusing on the perspective of risk, the semi-structured interview method is adopted to explore the enabling mechanism of the algorithm application to tourism emotion research, clarify the risk problems applied by the algorithm to tourism emotion research, reveal the realistic causes of risk breeding, and summarize the feasible measures of risk governance. It is found that the enabling mechanism of the tourism emotion research can be subdivided into the empowerment of both consumers and producers. The risk of algorithm applying in tourism emotion research is manifested as privacy leakage, algorithm bias, ethical anomie, technology out of control and other problems, etc. The risk generation can be summarized as the limitation of algorithm technology, poor data quality, improper enterprise application, lagging regulatory system and other reasons. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen privacy protection, eliminate algorithm bias, adhere to the ethical bottom line, strengthen technology control and other comprehensive measures, to solve the blockage, pain points and difficulties in the application of algorithm.

Social enterprises are trapped in the "scale curse" due to the goal of balancing economic and social effects, which to some extent limits the potential of their role. Compared to the internal expansion methods that are prone to inducing "mission drift", mixed governance of social enterprises, as an effective way to integrate external complementary resources and expand social influence, has not received the attention it deserves. Based on the dual dimensions of capital inflow and partner control, a typological analysis framework is constructed to identify four mixed governance models of social enterprises: technology sharing, open source licensing, franchise partners, and joint operations, and to explain and verify them with specific domestic cases. On this basis, summarize and sort out the applicable conditions of different mixed governance models and two transformation paths for scale expansion of mixed governance, namely technology sharing→franchise→partners→joint operations and technology sharing→open source licensing→joint operations.

Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, the relationship between urban and rural areas has undergone several stages: the formation of a dual-track system, the imbalanced development during rapid economic growth, and a phase of comprehensive integrated development. Throughout these stages, changes in the land system and the model of industrialization have played a central role. By applying Marxist rent theory to construct a unified analytical framework, this study deconstructs the emergence and productive use of land rent in the evolution of urban-rural relations in China. It finds that during the planned economy era, the "price scissors" between agricultural and industrial products generated the large capital required for the heavy industry first development strategy. After the reform and opening-up, it was the "land price scissors" that helped accumulate substantial funds needed for urbanization. It is precisely the different land rights systems and industrial development models across various periods that have prevented the balanced allocation of production factors between urban and rural areas, resulting in stage-specific urban-rural development imbalances and laying the foundation for optimizing production relations in the next stage.To promote integrated urban-rural development comprehensively, it is necessary to break the dual land system between urban and rural areas and the dual pricing mechanism for residential-commercial land and industrial land within cities; to eliminate the dual household registration (hukou) system and its corresponding bifurcated public service provision structure and to clarify the interrelations between land, hukou, and the associated fiscal and taxation systems, as well as push forward reforms in fiscal policy.

Michel Henry provided a novel interpretation of Descartes' classic philosophical proposition, 'cogito ergo sum', reaffirming the legitimacy of 'cogito' as the 'beginning of Philosophy' from a phenomenological perspective. He emphasized that 'cogito' possesses an original self-manifestation and self-affectivity. Henry rejected the intentional and evidential interpretations of 'cogito' put forth by classical phenomenologists such as Husserl and Heidegger, contending that they overlooked the radical immanence inherent in Descartes' assertion, which cannot be adequately captured within Ek-stasis or objective intuition. Furthermore, Henry critiqued Descartes' own ideas, arguing that Descartes failed to effectively distinguish between the dual dimensions of 'cogito'. Specifically, Henry posited that 'cogito' encompasses not only a function of phenomenalization that brings things into manifestation, but also embodies a material and invisible affectivity. Henry made significant contributions to both Cartesian thought and Phenomenology. His work, 'Material Phenomenology', not only reconstructs and supplements Descartes' ideas, but also advances Phenomenology itself to a more radical level than those proposed by Husserl and Heidegger.

Wenzhangzhengzhong broke the tradition of compiling collections, which recorded a large number of historical articles from Zuozhuan, Guoyu, Zhanguoce, Shiji and Hanshu into the collection.It categorized them into three types: Ciming, argumentation and narration.The historical sections had been reconstructed into independent articles, which was a deep exploration of the literary value and stylistic significance of historical articles. Later various collections compiled articles from historical records, many of the selections repeated with Wenzhangzhengzhong. Following the selected historical articles into the collection, Zhen Dexiu had to give the titles to the articles, which highlighted the stylistic attributes or could briefly summarize the contents of the articles. They effected subsequent collections. The collection to distinguish styles emphasized the former more, while the collection of Qing dynasty emphasized the latter more, ultimately forming many classic historical articles with titles that are still uses today. Wenzhangzhengzhong recorded a large number of historical articles, which was related to its compilation principle.Furthermore, the editor admired the ancient prose of the pre-Qin and Han dynasties.He aimed to expand the scope of ancient prose and wanted to provide more classic examples to the ancient prose. At the same time, Wenzhangzhengzhong was influenced by earlier collections and works on article studies.

Based on 31 typical cases of rural digital governance collected through field research from July 2022 to November 2024, this paper conducts an empirical study on the influencing factors and improvement paths of rural digital governance effectiveness based on the theory of value co-creation and by using the fuzzy qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) method. The findings reveal three distinct configuration paths: firstly the government-led regulatory model, in which fiscal subsidies, technological empowerment, and institutional design are coordinated by governments and third-party actors such as village elites to establish a value co-creation environment; secondly the resource-dependent technological coupling model, which relies on robust digital infrastructure and local resource endowments, supported by governments and external resources to embed digital technologies and realize co-governance and shared benefits among multiple stakeholders; and thirdly the structure-oriented institutional driving model, which emphasizes institutional norms, interest alignment, and emotional connections to strengthen organizational networks and social capital, thereby promoting the self-evolution and continuous optimization of governance structures. Therefore, it is necessary to build a value co-creation environment in a differentiated manner, enhanceing the adaptability of institutional regulations, promoting the effective transformation of technology; systematically integrating value co-creation resources, giving full play to the advantages of resource subjects; dynamically optimizing the value co-creation structure, building an interest connection innovation mechanism, and attaching importance to the soft role of emotional links.

New-quality productivity refers to an advanced form of productivity driven by technological innovation, with innovation and high quality as its core characteristics. It represents the sinicized development of Marxist productivity theory and provides theoretical guidance and strategic direction for promoting high-quality economic development and achieving Chinese path to modernization. In the digital economy era, digital industries—characterized by high technological intensity and data-driven features—naturally align with new-quality production factors and production relations, thus serving as a key driver for the advancement of new-quality productivity. At the theoretical level, digital industries integrate deeply with other production factors, exerting a multiplier effect that contributes to cultivating new-quality labor, generating advanced means of production, fostering new quality production objects, and reshaping new-quality production relations, thereby empowering new-quality productivity. However, digital industries currently face multiple practical challenges, including the urgent need for breakthroughs in core digital technologies, insufficient realization of data value, weak platform support, and underdeveloped industrial ecosystems—all of which hinder their empowering effects. In light of these challenges, it is essential to construct a systematic implementation pathway encompassing "digital technology-data factors-digital platforms-organizational ecosystems" to enhance the empowering role of digital industries and accelerate the high-quality development of China's economy.

The royal envoys to Ryukyu in Qing dynasty wrote about Ryukyu in literature during their missions, mainly includes the daily space of the Embassy, the geographical space of the Eight Scenic Spots of Ryukyu, and the social space in Zhuzhi Ci. In the writing of the angel embassy, they marked their own identity through space and expressed the longing for noble achievements. Then they defined the embassy as "the other", and constructed rich and multifaceted self-image through interaction with daily space. On this basis, they shaped the geographical space of Ryukyu with Eight Scenic Poems as the centre. The selection of the eight scenic spots reflects the spatial order centered on Han culture, and the writing of the Eight Scenic Spots shows a strong love for the land complex, through which they endowed the Ryukyu landscapes with specific cultural meanings, made them literary landscapes that are both aesthetic and temporal. In the writing of the social space of Ryukyu, they not only highlighted the heterogeneity of Ryukyu society from aspects of residential buildings, clothing, and production methods. but also sought the traces of Han culture in culture, customs, and systems, and made it a literary image that incorporates subjective value. The presence depictions of different spaces in Ryukyu by the envoys of the Qing Dynasty constructed their self-images and the literary image of Ryukyu, and expanded the writing space of Qing Dynasty literature.

The secure housing of young people is related to the process of high-quality urban development and the long-term social stability of the country. Through in-depth interviews with 38 cases in S city, the living status of transitional youth presents characteristics such as "big diaspora, small congregation", hidden security risk and conflict of cohabitation habits. The study found that spatial boundaries and identity distance constitute a double compression of the transitional youth: on the one hand, the group is imbalanced in the living order under the effect of living differences and segregation, and on the other hand, the marginalization risk of living in segregated areas leads them into the inherent disorders of the emotional order of their lives. They try to escape from the impact of residential segregation and achieve self-breakthrough by building idealized co-residence and "nomadic" residential space, but it is fundamentally necessary to integrate the effective paths of government, market, and society in order to jointly resolve their housing tensions and transition dilemmas, so as to ensure the resilient development of the new generation youth and Chinese path to modernization.

Classroom silence is a kind of hidden action for primary and middle school students to participate in classroom learning and a survival art to strategically protect themselves.Primary and middle school students often implement a variety of resistance responses to the squeezing of teachers' educational power and the shaping of social and cultural habits through tacit individual actions such as submissive silence, participative silence and defiant silence. These resistance not only reflects the identity of primary and middle school students as the majority of the weak and their survival strategy, but also reflects the value distortion behind classroom silence.In order to reverse the misjudgment of the value of "classroom silence", teachers should overcome the simplification, randomization and non-ethical treatment of primary and middle school students classroom silence, and properly exercise teachers' educational power, construct a reasonable view of the virtue of classroom silence, and grasp the tension between meaningful silence and high-quality speech.

The process of great unification in the early Qing Dynasty embodies the five outstanding characteristics of Chinese civilization. In terms of continuity, the monarchs and ministers of the Qing Dynasty believed that minority dynasties such as the Yuan Dynasty could also inherit the orthodoxy of China and had the right to rule the Central Plains. When promoting the unification of border areas, the Qing Dynasty drew on the experience of previous dynasties in managing border areas, and some leaders of border ethnic groups also understood their historical connections with the Central Plains. In terms of innovation, the Qing Dynasty's border management system at the central and local levels was innovative, and it would change the border system according to time and circumstances. The Qing Dynasty also carried out a comprehensive reform of the sacrificial system of the Imperial Temple of Emperors of all dynasties, making the sacrificial scope of the Imperial Temple more in line with the reality of a unified multi-ethnic country. In terms of unity, both the Qing emperors, local nobles, and soldiers and civilians of all ethnic groups deeply promoted or participated in the process of great unification, contributing to the unification of China in the Qing Dynasty. In terms of inclusiveness, the ethnics gather, and religious diversity, and the ethnics integrate. In terms of peace, the Qing Dynasty prioritized peaceful means to promote frontier regions' unification and did not expand externally after unification. Moreover, when defending national territorial security, it resolutely countered foreign invasions but did not aim to occupy territories of other countries. It should be emphasized that although the demonstration of the outstanding characteristics of Chinese civilization in the Qing Dynasty or ancient China had historical regularity, it was also influenced and restricted by the subjective and objective conditions of the times.

In the context of population aging, there is an urgent need to focus on the active agency of elderly individuals and the pathways through which their functions can be realized. Guided by social connection theory, this study utilizes data from the 2020 China Elderly Social Tracking Survey to explore the social participation patterns of the elderly based on their involvement in personal, family, and social life domains, employing latent class models to analyze the impact of these patterns on attitudes toward aging. The study identifies three patterns of social participation among the elderly: alienated, weakly connected, and strongly connected, with the weakly connected pattern being predominant. The assignment to a social participation pattern is related to the characteristics of the elderly. The impact of social participation patterns on attitudes toward aging is significant and robust. Compared to the alienated pattern, the weakly connected pattern does not offer particular advantages, whereas the strongly connected pattern markedly improves attitudes toward aging. This improvement is primarily achieved through the subjective factor of self-efficacy and the objective factor of social networks. The beneficial effects of the strongly connected pattern vary among different elderly individuals, showing a stronger influence on women, younger individuals, those with higher social status, and those residing in favorable regional environments. Future social policies and services should pay particular attention to the internal differences within this group when encouraging social participation among the elderly.

Based on census data, this study examines the trend of first marriage patterns in the 20 years since the 21st century from the dimensions of when and whether to marry in big Chinese cities, represented by Beijing, Shanghai and Hong Kong. It further explores the mechanisms of the trend, relying on the theoretical framework of the 'Ready, Willing, Able (RWA)'. The results indicate that the postponement in first marriage has become prevalent in Beijing, Shanghai and Hong Kong, even more pronounced than the whole country, with the second decade in Beijing and Shanghai showing a clear acceleration compared with the first decade. The postponement in first marriage in Hong Kong is about 20 to 30 years earlier than that of Beijing and Shanghai, and the degree of postponement is most pronounced at present, but the pace of postponement has slowed down since the beginning of the new century. Female's first marriages continue to be earlier than male's, while the postponement of first marriage is more accelerated for females than for males in Beijing and Shanghai over the last two decades, as well as in Hong Kong in the last two decades of the last century. The urgency among young generations entering marriage in the three major cities has weakened. Hong Kong has a relatively high permanent unmarried rate, and the proportion of permanent unmarried in Beijing and Shanghai, although relatively low compared to Hong Kong, are higher than the national average. And there is also an evident trend of increasing permanent unmarried among the younger cohorts. On the whole, the current Chinese society is still characterized by 'late marriage and universal marriage', but the postponement in first marriage will continue, and the forces shaking the pattern of universal marriage has also been forming among the younger generations. The pattern of universal marriage may be broken from the big cities firstly.

High-quality economic development is characterized by "quality and quantity improvement", "innovation-driven", "green and low-carbon", and "open and collaborative" development. In the digital and intelligent era, the transformation of the "quality state" of productivity, featuring data elements, digital information, and intelligent technologies, is a key factor in promoting high-quality economic development. Traditional productivity theory, neoclassical political economy theory, and contemporary innovation economics theory discuss from different perspectives the mechanisms and roles of knowledge production, technological progress, and industrial innovation in promoting economic growth and social transformation. New quality productivity is both a continuation and an evolution of traditional productivity theory. Its high-tech, high-efficiency, and high-quality characteristics determine that new quality productivity has an inherent logical consistency and compatibility with high-quality economic development. The practical path for new quality productivity to promote high-quality economic development lies in: developing strategic emerging industries and future industries to promote economic structural transformation; deepening the reform of the science and technology system to establish a new type of production relationship that adapts to the development of new quality productivity; innovating talent work mechanisms to stimulate the innovation vitality of all types of talents; and coordinating self-reliance and self-strengthening in science and technology with international open cooperation to create an open and innovative environment conducive to the development of new quality productivity.

Based on data from the China Aging Society Longitudinal Survey (CLASS, 2018-2020), the effects of intergenerational care for the old and the young on loneliness among the older adults were investigated. The results showed that caring for grandchildren significantly reduced the risk of loneliness, while caring for parents had no significant effect on loneliness among older adults in China. The length of time spent caring for grandchildren and loneliness showed a U-shaped relationship, decreasing and then increasing. For the older adults who agreed with the traditional filial piety expectation of "bring up the children for the purpose of being looked after in old age", caring for "an old" and "a young" had a significant interactive effect on their loneliness, which was manifested as being able to reduce the risk of loneliness. The gender difference analysis further revealed that the interactive effect of "an old" and "a young" caregiving had a protective effect on older men who agreed with the traditional filial piety expectation of "bring up the children for the purpose of being looked after in old age", while the effect on female older caregivers did not reach a statistically significant level. In order to effectively reduce the psychological loneliness of older caregivers, we should pay attention to the content and intensity of intergenerational care, pay full attention to traditional filial piety cultural concepts and gender differences, formulate more targeted mental health promotion policies and intervention systems, and provide institutional guarantees to improve the quality of life and well-being of the "sandwich class"of older individuals.

Based on the typical case of DeepSeek achieving major breakthroughs in artificial intelligence despite restrictions on core technology in key fields, this study integrates Schumpeterian innovation theory, open innovation theory, and national innovation system theory to construct a tripartite analytical framework involving motivated enterprises, effective markets, and proactive governments. It explores how China achieves technological catch-up in artificial intelligence. The research reveals that China's AI advancement stems from the organic synergy of enterprise innovation, market cultivation and government guidance. Specifically, enterprises drive progress through innovation ambition and strategic planning; markets strengthen supply-demand dynamics to propel ecosystem evolution; and governments refine institutional design to steer innovation layouts. This synergistic mechanism has propelled the autonomous and controllable development in strategic technologies, accelerating the cultivation of new quality productity, invigorating private sector dynamism, and anchoring technological innovation in a people-centric approach. To achieve further breakthroughs in frontier technologies, enterprises should build technological ecosystems within their competitive domains; markets need to optimize allocation mechanisms for innovation elements including finance, talents, and data; while governments should enhance infrastructure deployment and forward-looking policy guidance.

This essay captures the indicator of local government's environmental concern through text analysis of the work reports of cities across the country from 2008 to 2021, and examines the driving effect of government's environmental concern on enterprises' green transformation from the perspective of enterprise green innovation. It is found that the improvement of the government's environmental concern can significantly promote the green transformation of enterprises. The higher the regional government's environmental concern, the higher the number and quality of green innovation of enterprises in the region. The mechanism test results show that enhancing the environmental awareness of enterprise management, improving the quality of enterprise environmental information disclosure, and promoting enterprise green credit financing are the three main ways that the government's environmental concern drives the green transformation of enterprises. The results of heterogeneity analysis show that in non-heavy polluting enterprises, technology-intensive enterprises and enterprises with poor legal environment, the government's environmental concern has a more significant driving effect on enterprises' green transformation. Therefore, the relevant government departments should pay more attention to environmental problems, continue to optimize the mechanisms and channels for the government's environmental concerns to drive the green transformation of enterprises, formulate differentiated policies to improve the accuracy of the government's environmental concern green governance function.

The development of rural elderly care services is integral to ensuring the well-being of millions of elderly individuals in rural areas. From the perspective of the supply and demand of rural elderly care services, this study systematically examines the changes in supply and demand under the backdrop of continued labor outflows in China and the resulting challenges in elderly care. Employing empirical data from the 2013—2018 Thousand Villages Survey, the findings are revealed as follows: First, the trend of intergenerational residential separation has become increasingly pronounced, reducing the availability of family-based elderly care traditionally provided by adult children. This shift has disrupted the balance between the supply and demand of conventional elderly care services. Second, as labor migration accelerates, rural areas are witnessing a rise in both the aging population and the number of elderly individuals. Consequently, the demand for elderly care services is growing, particularly as older adults reach stages of diminished self-care ability, significantly heightening their risk of facing elderly care challenges. Third, while social (government-provided) elderly care services constitute a part of the supply, they remain insufficient and fail to serve as an effective supplement when family-based elderly care is lacking. Further analysis reveals that the challenges stemming from intergenerational residential separation are more acute in regions with a higher proportion of males and lower healthcare accessibility. In contrast, areas such as basins and the eastern regions, characterized by flat terrain and relatively abundant social elderly care resources, experience less severe challenges in elderly care.

The comprehensive construction of a high-level socialist market economic system is an essential product of the combination of goal oriented and problem oriented approaches, and its construction logic is as follows: fully rationalizing the relationship between the government and the market, better playing the role of the market mechanism, accelerating the improvement of the basic socialist economic system, and stimulating the endogenous power and creative vitality of building Chinese path to modernization. In reality, the comprehensive construction of a high-level socialist market economy system still faces obstacles and challenges. Therefore, it is necessary to further deepen the reform in an all-round way, accelerate the establishment of a sound and effective market mechanism, better play the role of the market mechanism, improve the "two unswerving" system and mechanism, fully stimulate the vitality of various market operators, accelerate the improvement of the supporting system of the high-level socialist market economic system, strengthen the ability of leading cadres to control the high-level socialist market economic system, and accelerate the establishment of a market rule system that meets the requirements of digital economic development.

Using the data of China's Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share listed companies and local municipalities from 2009 to 2023, the pilot cities of social credit system reform are selected as the research objects, and a multi-temporal double-difference model (DID) is constructed to empirically analyze the impact effect, the mechanism of the impact, and the performance of heterogeneity of the social credit system reform on the specialized division of labor of enterprises. The results show that the reform of social credit system significantly promotes the level of enterprise specialization division of labor, and the influence mechanism includes reducing information asymmetry and transaction cost. The results passed the parallel trend test and placebo test, and the conclusion still holds after the robustness tests of replacing the explanatory variables, changing the sample period, adding omitted variables and changing the estimation method. Heterogeneity analysis shows that the reform of social credit system promotes the specialization division of labor more significantly in non-state-owned enterprises and enterprises in regions with weak rule of law environment. Therefore, we should accelerate the construction of a national unified credit information sharing platform; optimize the application scenarios of credit evaluation, embed credit ratings into key areas such as supply chain finance, government procurement, etc.; implement regionally differentiated policy supply, increase credit infrastructure investment in central and western regions with weak rule of law foundations, guide financial institutions to develop "credit+" financial products, and compensate for regional development through institutional innovation.

In the development process of the cartographic work and landscape painting, map shows the trend of landscape, while landscape painting shows the nature of the cartographic work. Both of them are realistic, artistic and philosophical. As the image presentation of the national geographical image, the the cartographic work and landscape painting were important media for Song Dynasty to construct the "great unification", shape the image of the "FengHeng YuDa", and realize the political ideal of "kingly way". Subsequently, the cartographic work and landscape paintings were endowed with the meaning of morality and chaos. It shows that the landscape paintings are not only the description of national geographical forms and the spiritualization of landscape art.In addition, landscape image is a political construction issue. This article is based on the political background of the separation of Yi and Xia, using the history of artistic concepts and iconography analysis methods to explore the origin, function, elements and symbolic significance of the cartographic work and landscape paintings. It revealed the artistic and aesthetic characteristics hidden in the politics and expanded the research scope of the history of painting and aesthetics. In conclusion, the political ideal has influenced the style and theme of painting and the cartographic work in the Northern Song Dynasty. Landscape art is an important way for the inheritance and evolution of National Geographic Image and concept. Art, politics and geography penetrate each other and build the image narrative mode of Chinese traditional geography.

The unique civilizational perspective of Chinese modernization represents a new form of civilization shaped by the Chinese nation through historical inheritance and epochal transformation, profoundly echo the question of "where the world is headed" in human civilization. Rooted in both the essence of Chinese civilization and the fundamental principles of Marxism, this perspective achieves creative transformation through "the second integration", forming the concept of "harmony and coexistence" that transcends the logic of Western modernity and dispels the myth of Western-centric civilizational hierarchy.By assuming multiple roles—as a promoter of peace, a leader of development, a shaper of security, and a guardian of order—it contributes China's strength to addressing global deficits in peace, development, security, and governance, demonstrating the feasibility of this unique civilizational perspective through practice. It advances civilizational forms from unipolar modernity to pluralistic modernity by resolving the dilemma of modernity; it facilitates the creative transformation from ideas to reality through conceptual elevation; and it reshapes value paradigms, guiding human civilizational interactions from conflict to mutual learning. This perspective offers a new vision with Chinese characteristics and global significance for human society.

The Divided Line in Book Ⅵ of Plato's Republic is significant for the structure of being and knowledge in Plato's philosophy. In this analogy, Plato introduces dianoia as a cognitive state, the precise nature of which-along with its corresponding objects-has been the subject of extensive scholarly debate. The interpretations of dianoia in the Divided Line face their own set of difficulties. However, if we understand the objects of dianoia as inaccurate "mental representations" of the Forms, many of these interpretive problems could be avoided. Although Plato never explicitly uses the concept of mental representation in the dialogues, evidence for such an interpretation can be found both in the Republic and in his later works, as well as in the writings of ancient Platonists. On one hand, Plato's discussions of perception suggest that the objects of perception are themselves representations internal to the agent. On the other hand, some ancient Platonists explicitly take the objects of dianoia to be internal to the soul. In this way, Plato's notion of "mental representation" provides an early philosophical foundation for the later development of this concept in the philosophy of mind.

The new quality productive force, which is free from the development path of traditional productivity, is a new driving force for promoting Chinese path to modernisation and a new engine for promoting the common prosperity of farmers. New quality productivity promotes the common prosperity of farmers through intrinsic mechanisms such as industrial empowerment, employment drive, factor flow, and ecological wealth, but at the same time, it faces the gradual prominence of the imbalance between the supply and demand of workers' skills in the industrial upgrading and transformation, and the promotion and application of new science and technologies may exacerbate the income gap between different groups in rural areas. In the process of digital and intelligent economic development, the imbalance of shared resource elements, the overflow of information and the convenient dissemination affect the common prosperity of the spiritual life of the majority of farmers. To this end, it is necessary to accelerate the improvement of the vocational skills of new workers, strengthen the main force of farmers towards common wealth, expand the scope of innovative supply of technological applications, create a strong driving force for farmers to increase their income and get rich, pay attention to improving the digital co-construction and sharing mechanism, enhance the institutional guarantee of farmers' common prosperity, and build a demonstration mechanism for spiritual civilisation, lay a solid ideological foundation for the spiritual common prosperity of farmers.

Intelligence tests are generally considered in modern society to be a scientific tool that can predict individual development prospects and future achievements. This concept is actually a product of artificial construction. The pursuit of interests in psychology, the social demand for education popularization, and the demands of the times for intervention in war have jointly built the realistic foundation of the "intelligence test myth". The emergence of the intelligence test myth is a clear manifestation of the gradual hegemony of scientific discourse in the field of social life since modern times. Standardized tests have undoubtedly entered the education field with intelligence tests as their endorsement. Questions such as who has the right to education, what kind of education people receive, and how to measure the effectiveness of education have been completely reshaped. Standardized education based on "myths" can neither provide scientific guidance and theoretical justification for the selection and training of top innovative talents, nor can it effectively affect the value recognition and factual understanding of talent standards in society, becoming a cognitive source of talent crisis. The cultivation of talents should be based on the disenchantment of standardized education. In the future, we must realize the transformation of talent definition standards from "selection" to "emergence", and at the same time promote the innovation of talent education concepts from "practical" to "humanistic".

Based on the data of listed companies held by central enterprises in China's Shanghai and Shenzhen A-shares from 2003 to 2020, we empirically analyze the impact of the policy of profit contribution from state-owned enterprises implemented since 2007 on the level of financialization of enterprises. The results show that elevating the proportion of profit contribution from SOEs significantly reduces the financialization level of listed companies held by central enterprises. Heterogeneity analysis shows that the impact of SOE profit contribution on the de-financialization of enterprises is more obvious in enterprises with no financial background of executives and higher shareholding ratios of institutional investors. The results of the mechanism test show that the SOE profit contribution policy significantly suppresses corporate overinvestment although it enhances the risk appetite of executives, indicating that the policy plays an effective constraining role in restricting the overinvestment behavior of corporations, thus suppressing the level of corporate financialization. Further analysis reveals that with the increase in the proportion of SOEs' profit contribution and the decrease in the level of financialization, central listed companies show higher total factor productivity, which helps to promote the high-quality development of enterprises. In this regard, we should optimize the management mechanism of state-owned capital gains, set a reasonable profit contribution ratio, improve the corporate governance structure, strengthen the supervision of financial activities, optimize the design of incentives, and promote the allocation of resources of SOEs to their core business and innovative areas to achieve sustainable and healthy development.

Using the data of "National College Students' Academic Situation Survey", this paper constructs multiple linear regression and quantile regression models, and empirically studies the influence of college students' learning styles on learning gains. The results show that experiential learning can effectively improve college students' learning gains; practice and interactive discussion are more effective in improving college students' general ability and professional ability, while classroom learning is more effective in improving college students' self-awareness and social cognitive ability. Further research shows that in terms of disciplinary differences, the learning benefits of "thinking" and "doing" are different among different types of students. Interactive discussion is the most effective for students of literature, history, philosophy and art, interactive discussion and practice are the most effective for students of economics, management and teaching, and practice is the most effective for students of science, engineering, agriculture and medicine. On the difference of learning ability, the marginal benefit of interactive discussion on college students' learning gains is increasing, and the benefits of interactive discussion on students' learning gains are positively "U"-shaped, while interactive discussion and practice have a greater marginal impact on students' learning gains at middle and high levels. Therefore, we should optimize the top-level design of practical teaching and create a practical field combining virtual reality with reality; we should establish an investigation system of college students' academic intelligence to deepen the classification and hierarchical training of college students; we should give full play to the positive feedback function of interactive discussion and train top-notch innovative talents.

Based on the data of 804 listed companies in China A-share electronic information industry from 2013 to 2023, this paper constructs an analysis framework of "artificial intelligence-innovation efficiency-enterprise competitiveness", and empirically analyzes the relationship among artificial intelligence, innovation efficiency and enterprise competitiveness. The results show that artificial intelligence can significantly promote the profitability and operational ability of enterprises, especially in large enterprises, software and network service industries and enterprises in the eastern region. At the same time, artificial intelligence also has a significant positive impact on enterprise innovation efficiency, but the intermediary role of innovation efficiency has not passed the test, and innovation efficiency has a significant inhibitory effect on the profitability of sample enterprises. Further analysis suggests that this may be related to the generally low achievement conversion rate of Chinese enterprises. Therefore, we should strengthen the deep integration and application of artificial intelligence technology and production and business activities; we should not only pay attention to the promotion of artificial intelligence to innovation efficiency, but also pay attention to the transformation of results; and we should also guide the construction of differentiated artificial intelligence development system according to factors such as enterprise scale, industry and region.

Building on the critique of survival narratives in traditional subaltern studies, James Scott, through fieldwork, identifies two types of self-interested actions adopted by subaltern peasants in the face of survival challenges: substantive strategic actions prioritizing economic damage control and symbolic strategic actions aimed at reconstructing collective self-identity through cultural resistance. The formation of these strategic actions is closely related to social structures, cultural environments, and group identities. Scott skillfully employs the interpretive technique of "hidden transcripts" and methods of interpretive anthropology to deeply analyze the behavioral logic of subaltern peasants. However, his perspectives exhibit specific theoretical limitations in understanding state-subaltern relations, selecting case field, and demonstrating the structure-agency dialectic. Nevertheless, his discussions on "village development, subaltern peasant behavior, and grassroots governance techniques" provide valuable empirical insights for rural grassroots studies in China. Current rural development in China requires balancing agriculture efficiency and grassroots fairness, establishing a comprehensive rights protection system for all peasants, and more effectively integrating standardized governance with local knowledge.

Injunctive relief for standard essential patent infringement and its restriction are important institutional tools to make up for the failure of the licensing market. The characteristics of standard essential patents determine that when infringement is established, there are three interpretative paths for restricting injunctive relief: patent law, antitrust law and contract law. From the patent law perspective, the lock-in effect of standard essential patents is significant, and the decision on injunctive relief should reflect the negative evaluation and prevention of patent hold-up. From the perspective of antitrust law, if the standard essential patent owner with a dominant market position uses injunctive relief as a bargaining chip to require the patent implementer to accept unreasonable licensing terms, and is thereby likely to exclude competition in the relevant market, injunctive relief should be rejected. From the perspective of altruistic contracts, a patent implementer who negotiates in good faith has the right to request the standard essential patentee who has made a commitment of "fairness, reasonabness and non-discrimination" to fulfill the contract in order to counter the request for injunctive relief. When multiple approaches are applied to restricting injunctive relief, the evaluations of the behavior of the SEP owner and the infringer at a specific stage based on different theoretical perspectives are usually internally consistent. Moreover, considering factors such as negative externality from the patent law perspective helps to supplement the conclusions based on other theoretical perspectives and tailor the injunction more finely in terms of coverage and duration.

Using panel data from 2010 to 2019, this study focuses on Beijing and Shanghai as the research sites, and constructs an analytical framework for educational-supply behavior and empirically examines the impact and transmission mechanisms of education investment strategies on household financial burdens. The findings indicate that: Beijing predominantly pursues a quality-first strategy, concentrating fiscal resources on public (especially high-quality public) kindergartens. With public supply falling short of demand, families face similar costs between universal-benefit and non-universal-benefit private kindergartens, resulting in higher overall burdens due to reliance on private options. Conversely, Shanghai adopts an accessibility-first strategy, prioritizing funding for universal-benefit kindergartens to ensure broader access. Ample public supply leads to significantly lower costs for families using universal-benefit programs versus alternatives, maintaining lower aggregate burdens. Accordingly, the fisical-financing mechanisms must evolve in response to changing conditions by actively exploring differentiated per-child appropriation schemes, refining teacher compensation incentive structures, and incentive structures preschool service systems.

Based on the provincial digital government evaluation data and CSS2021 survey data, this paper uses the multi-layer linear model to empirically test the impact of digital government construction on the public's sense of social equity, and explores its mechanism. The results suggest that: firstly, digital government performance has improved individual perception of social equity, and this positive effect is mainly derived from digital government infrastructure, applications, and securities, while the effects of open government data and digital service are not significant; seconldy, digital government performance can promote citizens' perception of social equity through improving their perceptions of citizen-government interaction, including perception of service delivery, perception of rule of law, perception of government transparency, and perception of government responsiveness; thirdly, while Internet penetration (reflecting the digital access divide) does not have a significant effect on the relationship between digital government performance and social equity perception, education of the population at the provincial level (reflecting the digital usage divide) enhances the positive effect of digital government performance on citizen-government interaction perception, and in turn the mediating role of citizen-government interaction perception in the relationship between digital government performance and perception of social equity. These findings suggest that future efforts should focus on enhancing public data utilization and improving online service systems, while also advancing nationwide digital literacy and skills initiatives to bridge the usage gap and maximize the equity-enhancing potential of digital governance.