Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) is gradually integrating into the field of education, and has demonstrated unique advantages especially in the aspect of mental health education in colleges and universities. Traditional mental health work in colleges and universities has long been plagued by problems such as imbalance between supply and demand and delayed services, which makes it difficult to meet the diverse mental health needs of students today. Relying on the functional advantages of 24-hour real-time support, timely dynamic early warning, and immersive education, GenAI has significantly improved the accessibility, accuracy, and personalized nature of mental health services. However, its implementation is confronted with issues including data privacy breaches, diminished subjective cognition of teachers and students due to technological dependence, as well as lack of ethical norms and ambiguous responsibility delineation. Therefore, it is necessary to first clarify the technological advantages and practical dilemmas of GenAI in integrating into mental health education in colleges and universities, and construct a "technology-institution-culture" collaborative governance framework. By optimizing technology through the development of specialized mental health models, improving systems via the establishment of a hierarchical responsibility mechanism, and reshaping culture by enhancing the humanistic literacy of teachers and students, we can ultimately achieve a balance between technological empowerment and ethical governance. This study provides theoretical reference and practical guidance for the standardized application of GenAI in mental health education in colleges and universities.

Cross-border ethnic groups are politically affiliated with different states while maintaining close cultural ties, giving rise to a binary tension between national identity and ethnic identity. This tension, which evolves dynamically, typically manifests in three forms: conflict, alienation and collaboration, and has profound implications for national security and border stability. The construction of modern national identity should not aim to eliminate ethnic identity but rather embrace diversity, optimize the system design and guide identity tensions toward collaborative forms, enabling national and ethnic identities to coexist and reinforce each other. In the Chinese context, optimizing this tension requires the principle of respecting and accommodating ethnic cultures while prioritizing national identity. This entails advancing whole-process people's democracy and the rule of law to ensure equal citizenship and rights; improving fairness in public services and promoting development in border regions; enhancing cultural commonalities to forge a strong sense of Chinese national community; building inter-embedded ethnic communities to foster interaction and integration between cross-border ethnic groups and other domestic ethnic groups. These measures can transform potential risks of binary tension into constructive forces for ethnic solidarity and national security.

Under the modernization rural society, digital technology can overcome the vulnerabilities in rural governance and construct a resilient rural governance system. From the perspective of "integrated governance", the empowerment mechanism of digital technology for resilient rural governance lies in: issue identification through technological empowerment, stakeholder presence via organizational restructuring, and resilience rebuilding amid governance transformation. However, practical examination reveals real-world challenges such as difficulties in accurately identifying issues, ensuring stakeholder presence, and achieving resilience rebuilding. To address these, this study takes "Village Notification" (Cunqingtong) in Longyou County, Quzhou City, Zhejiang Province as a case study and employs case analysis to construct an advanced pathway for collaborative governance between new public governance and digital technology. First, inclusive digitalization enables precise identification of governance issues. Second, integration with rural collective decision-making rules empowers virtual presence of governance stakeholders. Third, establishing a farmer-centered platform organization facilitates the rebuilding of resilient governance approaches. The research demonstrates that integrating digital technology with rural governance is not only an effective pathway for achieving efficient digital rural governance but also a significant strategy for enhancing the modernization of China's governance system and capabilities.

This paper investigates this issue using panel data from 149 countries spanning over six decades.The study finds that for every 1% increase in the population size of a country's largest city, the fertility rate decreases by an average of 0.0008. This conclusion remains highly robust even after substituting dependent variables, replacing independent variables, excluding outliers, and conducting sub-sample regressions.Heterogeneity analysis reveals that the impact of metropolitanization on fertility is more pronounced in countries with larger populations and more developed economies. Compared to countries within the Islamic cultural spheres, the effect of metropolitanization on fertility is strongest in Buddhist (Confucian) cultural spheres and weakest in Islamic cultural spheres.The mechanism analysis reveals that the returns to scale generated by large cities increase workers' employment probability and wage premiums, thereby raising the opportunity cost of childbearing and creating a substitution effect where work time crowds out time for having children. Moreover, the rise in income among urban residents boosts leisure activities such as tourism and personal hobbies, leading to a further substitution effect where leisure time displaces time for childbearing. Additionally, "congestion effects" in large cities, such as high housing prices and long commuting times, objectively encourage young people to prolong their education, delay marriage and childbearing, and extend their working hours, all of which adversely affect fertility rates.

Against the backdrop of economic transformation and sustainable development, cultivating patient capital and enhancing corporate green innovation capabilities are crucial pathways to achieving high-quality development. Using data from Chinese A-share listed companies from 2009 to 2023, this study empirically examines the impact of patient capital investment on corporate green innovation, its transmission mechanisms, and heterogeneous manifestations. Results indicate that patient capital investment significantly enhances corporate green innovation levels. This conclusion remains robust after testing for instrument variables, replacement variables, exclusion of exogenous shocks, and fixed effects. Mechanism tests reveal that patient capital investment boosts green innovation capabilities through three pathways: reputation effects, corporate governance effects, and innovation network effects. Heterogeneity analysis reveals that the promotional effect of patient capital investment on green innovation is more pronounced in high-tech industries, firms with weaker environmental regulations, lower marketization levels, and higher industry competition. Therefore, governments should improve green financial systems to channel patient capital toward green innovation sectors, strengthen green innovation networks to enhance synergistic effects, implement differentiated policies to precisely support key enterprises and regions, and enhance market environment development to boost the investment efficiency of patient capital.

From a Marxist ontological perspective, capital governance under the socialist market economy seeks to penetrate the appearance of capital as a "thing" and reveal its essence as a dynamic relation of production and a self-propelling process of valorization. According to Marx's critique of capital, capital exhibits a triple dialectical structure—"thing-relation-process": it is an aggregate of production factors, a social form organized around surplus-value production, and a historical mediator oriented toward its own sublation. This structure contains a civilizational dialectic that both generates productive forces and induces exploitation. The socialist market economy with Chinese characteristics creatively reworks the logic of capital through the primacy of public ownership and a people-centered value orientation, transforming capital from a blindly proliferating "reified subject" into a "historical object" serving common prosperity. Operationally, a three-stage paradigm—regulatory guidance, creative transformation, and dialectical sublation—builds a full-chain governance architecture that restrains disorderly expansion while unleashing capital's civilizing potential. In doing so, it channels the movement of capital toward the emergence of a "new form of human civilization, " offering a philosophically grounded and practically actionable Chinese approach to steering capital.

Algorithmic discrimination arises from the coupling of multiple logics. The historical bias and sample bias of data layer are its "source input", the operation mechanism, design logic, training mode and technical characteristics of algorithm layer constitute "internal self-cause", the technical system and organizational structure of system layer lead to "environmental catalysis", and the power structure and cultural bias of social layer provide "root support". Algorithmic discrimination gives rise to multiple ethical dilemmas, in terms of fairness and justice, formal equality diverges from substantive justice; in terms of responsibility attribution, both the respensible subjects and the relocation of responsibility remains unclear; in terms of autonomy, algorithm agent oversteps human subject; and in terms of human dignity, instrumental rationality devalues the human subject. The governance of algorithmic discrimination needs to build a collaborative framework of technology-law-ethics-society, build the technical foundation of algorithmic fairness through technical correction, build the institutional constraints of algorithmic discrimination through legal regulation, shape the value consensus of algorithmic application through ethical guidance, and unite the governance of algorithmic goodness through social co-governance, so as to realize algorithmic fairness and justice.

Using panel data covering Chinese counties from 2007 to 2020 and a staggered difference-in-differences(DID) design, this essay employs a quasi-natural experiment based on the administrative upgrading of development zones to assess their effects on local innovation performance.The results find that development zone upgrading significantly enhances county-level innovation outcomes. This conclusion remains robust after addressing endogeneity concerns, allowing for heterogeneous treatment effects, and conducting a set of robustness checks. Mechanism analyses reveals that the observed effects operate primarily through three channels: the "selection effect" of selecting excellent enterprises, better leveraging the "agglomeration effect" of industries, and the "financing effect" of alleviating funding constraints on innovation activities. Further heterogeneity analysis shows that the innovation-enhancing effects are more pronounced in counties with lower levels of economic development, weaker fiscal capacity, a larger share of the tertiary sector, and less mature business environment.Therefore, constructing high-quality innovation carriers through development zones can stimulate innovation vitality and support sustainable economic development in counties; At the county level, to develop new quality productive forces according to local conditions, we should focus on strengthening the core functions of development zones such as accelerating industrial upgrading, improving the business environment, and enhancing regional innovation capabilities; Furthermore the management system for upgrading development zones, we should emphasize cultivating the self generating capacity of development zones, and thus actively explore high-quality development paths with county-level characteristics.

Drawing on spatial theory, this paper examines the spatial heterogeneity characteristics of grassroots social governance in China's megacities and explores pathways for enabling governance through digital technologies. An integrated analytical framework is constructed to interpret the underlying logic of spatial heterogeneity in megacities through three dimensions: physical space, social space, and psychological space. Physical space refers to the geographical realm constituted by material entities, representing a division based on urban geography. Social space denotes the abstract domain constructed through social relations, group interactions, and social identities, manifested in the distribution and interweaving of social categories such as class, occupation, and culture within spatial contexts. Psychological space encompasses the abstract domain shaped by individuals or groups through cognition, emotion, and symbolic systems, involving subjective experiences and meaning-making related to space, including dimensions such as memory, identity, and value conflicts. Building on this tripartite spatial analysis, the study proposes three-dimensional governance framework of "population structure-spatial function-flow intensity". This classification system leverages digital technologies to enable precise identification of governance targets, dynamic allocation of governance resources, and collaborative participation in governance processes, thereby establishing a closed-loop operational mechanism. The classification-based governance model effectively addresses structural contradictions in traditional governance, such as delayed demand response, severe resource misallocation, and insufficient community building. It facilitates a paradigm shift in grassroots governance in megacities from an "experience-driven" to a "data-driven" approach.

Grounded in the Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) framework, this study investigates the artificial intelligence-empowered, precision-oriented community elderly care service model. It systematically elucidates the model's construction logic within the theoretical context of smart elderly care, which centers on data-driven processes, prioritizes demand identification, and is supported by resource matching. Through a multi-case grounded analysis, the study identifies practical challenges including data barriers that create information silos, a disconnect between technological applications and the age-specific needs of the elderly, and a shortage of professional personnel. In response, a trinity support system integrating "technology, service, and management" is proposed. This system involves utilizing the Internet of Things and intelligent algorithms to enable dynamic perception of service demands, establishing cross-departmental data-sharing mechanisms to dismantle information barriers, enhancing service accessibility through online-offline integration, and improving the composite talent training and guarantee system. The model provides a feasible solution for addressing the misallocation of community elderly care resources by improving service efficiency and reducing operational costs, thereby holding significant practical value for advancing the modernization of elderly care governance.

Effectively identifying multiple factors that affect the operational quality of government hotlines and their synergistic effects is of great significance for enhancing the hotlines' ability to serve the people and thereby giving full play to their role in government governance. Based on the TOE framework, this paper takes 31 provincial 12345 government affairs hotlines as cases and uses the fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) method to discuss the linkage effect and driving path of technology, organization, and environment conditions on local governments to improve the operation quality of 12345 government affairs hotlines. The findings are as follows: (1) The conditions affecting the improvement of the operation quality of government hotlines have the nature of complex interaction, that is, the technical, organizational, and environmental factors cannot constitute the necessary conditions alone, and the four configuration conditions together constitute the driving path to improve the operation quality of government hotlines; (2) The eastern, central and western provinces have obvious differences in the ways of improving the operation quality of government hotlines. The findings contribute to deepening the understanding of the complex and interactive nature of multiple factors behind the development of government hotlines in our country, and suggests that local governments formulate policies based on local conditions to improve the operational quality of government hotlines.

Based on the data of listed companies from 2000 to 2023, this study employs a two-way fixed-effects model to construct a task model framework and empirically assess the impact of enterprise artificial intelligence application on the labor income share. The results show that AI adoption can effectively increase the labor income share, especially in labor-intensive and high-tech enterprises, as well as in regions with a high level of digital infrastructure construction and a low degree of market segmentation. The mechanism analysis shows that the AI adoption affects the labor income share through the effects of new task creation, automation expansion, automation deepening effect, and financing constraint relief. Accordingly, policy guidance and institutional design should be strengthened to facilitate the transmission of AI-driven benefits to labor income. Furthermore, attention should be paid to the differentiated effects of AI adoption across enterprise types and regions, so as to effectively promote the labor income share.

With the increasingly fierce global competition and rapid changes in the market environment, the digital and intelligent transformation has become the core driving force to enhance the resilience of enterprise supply chain. Based on the perspective of production network, using the data of A-share listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen from 2012 to 2023, this paper systematically investigates the direct effect and network spillover effect of digital and intelligent transformation on supply chain disruption risk. The results show that: firstly, the digital and intelligent transformation of enterprises can significantly reduce the supply chain disruption risk, and the digital and intelligent transformation of upstream enterprises will have spillover effect through the production network, which will indirectly reduce the supply chain disruption risk of downstream enterprises. Secondly, the digital and intelligent transformation mainly operates through three mechanisms: the driving effect of innovation ability, the enhancing effect of operational ability and the enhancing effect of market power. Thirdly, the role of digital and intelligent transformation in reducing the risk of supply chain interruption is more prominent in high-tech industries, eastern regions, growth periods and enterprises with high supply chain concentration. Therefore, we should strengthen the guidance and support of enterprises' digital and intelligent transformation and strengthen the capacity building of digital and intelligent transformation; We should also implement differentiated transformation strategies according to the development stage of enterprises, industry attributes, regions and other factors.

Based on the panel data of Chinese cities from 2007 to 2023, an empirical analysis was conducted on the impact of local energy conservation and environmental protection expenditures on the synergistic effect of pollution and carbon emissions. The results show that local energy conservation and environmental protection expenditures are conducive to promoting the synergistic effect of pollution and carbon emissions, and the promoting effect is more significant in regions with high economic development levels, strong environmental regulation intensity, and low industrialization levels. The mechanism analysis indicates that local energy conservation and environmental protection expenditures can promote the synergistic effect of pollution and carbon emissions through mechanisms such as promoting green technological innovation, low-carbon technological innovation, and fostering new quality productive forces. The analysis of policy combination effects reveals that the policy combination of environmental information disclosure, green finance, and local energy conservation and environmental protection expenditures can enhance the promoting effect of local energy conservation and environmental protection expenditures on the synergistic effect of pollution and carbon emissions. Therefore, it is recommended to implement differentiated local energy conservation and environmental protection expenditure strategies, strengthen regional collaborative efficiency; focus on technological innovation and the development of new quality productive forces, and unblock the transmission mechanism of local environmental protection and energy conservation expenditures; and strengthen the policy coordination between local environmental protection and energy conservation expenditures and environmental information disclosure and green finance to enhance the effectiveness of policy implementation.

Marx's critique of capitalist modernity contains a profound philosophical dimension concerning life. Drawing on Marx's analytical approach to life issues, it is of practical significance to examine the deep-rooted causes and multidimensional manifestations of human life dilemmas from the perspective of critiquing modernity and to explore pathways for their transcendence. The root of life dilemmas in capitalist modernity lies in the irreconcilable contradiction between the mode of production and the relations of production, which manifests concretely as the opposition between labor and capital, the separation of body and spirit, the inversion of means and ends, and the alienation of the individual from society. The externalization of these life dilemmas is reflected in the infringement of the right to life and the crisis of the meaning-world, specifically including the decline in quality of life and happiness index at the level of life patterns, the increased prevalence of psychological issues and mental illnesses at the level of personality traits, and the distortion of cultural concepts and social institutions at the level of developmental challenges. To transcend the contemporary dilemmas of life, collective efforts from the state, society, and individuals are required. At the state level, there should be active promotion of reforms to address the inherent contradictions of modernity; at the societal level, a robust dominant meaning system should be constructed; and at the individual level, people should enrich the self-determined essence of life through practice. By synergizing subjective and objective, internal and external forces, various obstacles restricting the development of human life can be transcend, achieving the fulfillment and grounding of life.

Based on data from the 2015-2023 Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS), a double fixed-effects model was used to examine the impact of social class identity on fertility intentions. The study found that social class identity has a significant positive effect on fertility intentions, which operates through increased educational and housing pressure and reduced happiness. Heterogeneity analysis revealed that the impact of social class identity on fertility intentions varies between urban and rural areas, with a significantly greater effect on rural residents than on urban residents. Gender tests indicate that while social class identity positively affects fertility intentions for both men and women, the impact is more pronounced for women, which may be related to gender role perceptions, fertility costs, urban-rural resource differences. Therefore, to increase fertility intentions among the reproductive-age population, efforts should be made to alleviate educational and housing pressure on lower social class groups, improve the income distribution system and living security to enhance residents' happiness, and improve childcare services while formulating differentiated fertility policies.

In recent years, China's rapid urban population growth has been accompanied by uneven development. Population has concentrated in higher-tier cities, metropolitan areas and urban clusters, as well as eastern and southern coastal cities, while small and medium-sized cities in inland and northeastern regions have experienced slow population growth or even negative growth. Constructing a theory of urban growth with Chinese characteristics from the perspective of the "technology-market-government" triple helix, this framework elucidates how the dynamic coupling of these three elements forms a cyclical accumulation mechanism for population agglomeration: technological progress enhances the efficiency of factor mobility, market agglomeration drives intensive resource allocation, and policy guidance regulates the evolution of scale and structure. Analysis of data from cities at the county level and above between 1990 and 2020 indicates that China's urbanization process exhibits imbalances manifested in three key aspects: a polarizing trend in city size, a central-peripheral differentiation in spatial development, and a multi-tiered urban system structure. The triple-helix factors serve as the primary driving forces, with large cities, metropolitan areas, and urban clusters demonstrating greater triple-helix synergistic advantages compared to peripheral small and medium-sized cities. Therefore, a path for coordinated development of the urban system is proposed: efforts should focus on nurturing small and medium-sized cities within metropolitan areas and urban clusters, transforming them into key nodes to address the "intermediate shortcomings" in the current urban system.

Digital Capitalism, as the embodiment of capital logic in data space, gives rise to persistent structural tensions in its rights architecture. Under algorithmic governance, rights-bearing individuals are reduced to data points, while the meaning of rights is reconfigured into computable variables under platform monopolies. The realization of rights is simultaneously constrained by the expansionary demand of data capital and the domination exercised through computing power. This produces a dual alienation: the recognition of rights is obscured by the myth of technological determinism, and the protection of rights is weakened by capital-driven algorithmic design. The root cause lies in the reconstruction of traditional rights relations by the data value chain, subordinating rights claims to the accumulation logic of digital capital. To address this paradox, a two-way corrective mechanism is needed: empowering digital labor through data democratization and fair distribution, while constraining capital power through algorithmic regulation and auditing. Such institutional change is essential not only for safeguarding rights in the digital era, but also for advancing social fairness and justice.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a crucial driving force for advancing the new type of industrialization. The enabling role of artificial intelligence (AI) in advancing new industrialization is primarily manifested through three major theoretical mechanisms. First, the factor mechanism influencing industrial chain entities: through factor enhancement effect, factor complementarity effect, and factor substitution effect, it drives industrial chain entities to shift their production and operation models toward data and algorithm-driven approaches thereby reshaping their curvs. Second, the connection mechanism promoting industrial chain linkages: the convenience, flexibility, and network effects of connections will continuously expand the production possibility frontier, lead to a growing number of platform-based organizations, and make the trend of virtual agglomeration increasingly prominent. Third, the iteration mechanism that advancing industrial chain dynamics: through speed effect, scope effect, and competition effect, it boosts production efficiency, accelerates enterprise dynamics, and drives the evolution of market structure and governance. To maximize the enabling potential of AI for new industrialization, it is essential to clarify four core relationships: the role definition between government and market, the dynamic balance between costs and benefits, the boundary demarcation between competition and involution, and the coordination logic between development and regulation. Additionally, it is imperative to proactively remove obstacles and constraints from four dimensions—capability, demand, competition, and institutions.

Faced with the deepening trends of population aging, the increasing proportion of the oldest-old, and the challenges of persistently low fertility intentions and low birth rates, establishing a comprehensive population service system that covers all demographic groups and the entire life cycle, with a focus on the "Old and Young", constitutes a systematic social governance initiative for Beijing in the new era to actively address the issues of an aging population and sub-replacement fertility. However, influenced primarily by the weakening care capacity of families as the main caregivers, the mismatch between social service supply and demand, and insufficient precision in safeguarding key groups, the development of "Old and Young" initiatives in Beijing still faces severe challenges. Accordingly, this paper proposes to ground the approach in the specific context of Beijing's "Old and Young" situation, leverage the advantages of a megacity's scale and institutional resources, and focus on building a new framework for the "Old and Young" initiatives characterized by "Quality Home-Caring and Shared Social Responsibility", which integrates traditional Chinese cultural elements with modern governance effictiveness. Specifically, it suggests adopting a life-cycle human capital investment perspective to coordinate the governance of aging, utilizing "Developmental Family Policies" to comprehensively empower families in their primary caregiving roles for the "Old and Young", and implementing targeted measures to provide differentiated care for key groups among the "Old and Young".

As a domestically developed large reasoning model, DeepSeek-R1's legitimacy in participating in legal reasoning stems from the practical needs of judicial digitalization, its technical advantages, and the policy support of China's "AI+" strategy. In simple criminal cases with sufficient evidence and clear legal provisions, DeepSeek-R1 demonstrates broad application prospects in formal legal reasoning. It can leverage the advantages of hybrid neural network architectures to improve the quality and efficiency of evidentiary reasoning and legal application, generate multiple investigative narrative hypotheses through abductive reasoning, and show potential in comprehensive fact-finding. However, in complex cases involving insufficient evidence or ambiguous legal issues, DeepSeek-R1 exhibits notable deficiencies in substantive legal reasoning. Specifically, its reasoning capability declines in traditional crime cases with weak evidence; it misinterprets open-ended legal provisions; and its acquittal reasoning is weak due to imbalanced training data. To overcome these limitations, a human-machine collaborative rationality-enhancing model should be established for complex cases. This involves improving the model's empirical common-sense learning by precisely "feeding" manually annotated data, and embedding visualized value judgments into reasoning algorithms using chain-of-thought techniques to guide model optimization. At the same time, the auxiliary role of DeepSeek-R1 must be clearly defined, ensuring that the ultimate responsibility and value orientation in judicial decision-making remain with human legal professionals.

The disposal of assets involved in illegal fundraising cases currently operates under a dual administrative-judicial framework, each presenting distinct deficiencies. The administrative model suffers from insufficient procedural transparency and a lack of effective redress mechanisms, while the judicial model faces enforcement challenges and high relief costs due to ambiguous rulings. These issues stem from a fragmented legal framework, blurred delineation of authority among competent entities, and inadequate rights protection. To reconcile the evolving values of criminal procedure with the due process requirement of equality between prosecution and defense, this article proposes the establishment of an independent disposal procedure. This procedure should incorporate mechanisms for explicit claim assertion, accommodate the legitimate interests of stakeholders, employ specialized rules of evidence for asset-related fact-finding, and maintain dynamic coordination with the primary adjudication process, thereby ensuring procedural fairness and legitimacy.

To regulate the labeling of AI-generated content, Chinese law has established a system of labeling obligations for AI-generated content. Currently, implementation of these regulations may face multiple challenges, stemming from a lack of clarity regarding the legal rationale behind these obligations. Therefore, the ethical concept of "Beneficial AI" must be introduced to clarify the legal rationale behind these obligations. This concept of "Beneficial AI" updates the concept of AI content governance and aligns with the inherent "ethics-first" principle of the labeling system. It helps define the core value of labeling obligations, foster a multi-layered understanding of the labeling obligation system, and build a secure and trustworthy AI ecosystem. In the future, the implementation path of these obligations should be optimized based on this concept of "Beneficial AI." At the value foundation level, the core value of labeling obligations should be to enhance human well-being, respect human autonomy, safeguard the interests of vulnerable groups, and balance innovation, inclusiveness, and security and trustworthiness in AI. At the obligation fulfillment level, labeling obligations should be differentiated between the R&D and application levels, with principled, standardized, and procedural regulations implemented at the R&D level and scenario-based regulations implemented at the application level. At the responsibility level, incentives and penalties should be combined to encourage relevant entities to voluntarily fulfill their labeling obligations.

The phenomenon of participation backflow in rural grassroots governance in China is characterized by a dynamic evolution that reverts to a state of insufficient participation during the process of democratic transformation through participation activation. This is distinct from a persistently low level of participation or the failure of participation activation. Compared with the global "democratic recession" and Putnam's "participation attenuation" theory, participation backflow is marked by its asynchrony, non-uniformity, and unique driving mechanisms. An analysis of the typical case of "one matter, one discussion" reveals that the activation of public participation is highly dependent on and constrained by administrative power. Its essence is a tool for modernizing national governance, serving the goals of regime building, risk control, and development. As rural governance enters the era of a strong state, the enhanced state capacity has led to a shift from a risk control strategy that relies on participation empowerment to a control model that emphasizes the stripping of participation, thereby systematically squeezing the space for autonomy and triggering participation backflow. Participation backflow can occur independently of governance effectiveness and does not equate to democratic regression or democratic failure. The development of grassroots democracy requires addressing the tension between normative values and the political power base, the dynamic transformation of the relationship between the descent of administrative power and the activation of public participation, and the complex paradox between the activation of public participation and the goal of equalizing governance performance.

The state's authority over education is profoundly underpinned by traditional legal culture of China. At the theoretical level, the normative reconstruction of the state's authority over education should fully utilize traditional cultural resources, resolve the structural tension between the protection of the state's authority over education and the right to education, and promote the transformation of the state's authority over education from institutional culture to the normative transformation of national rationality. At the practical level, the multidimensional presentation of the constitutional practice of the state's authority over education should integrate Marxist jurisprudence with the Chinese legal system as its root. Meanwhile, the cultural essence of the state's authority over education should be implemented in the practice of educational rule of law, thereby promoting the systematic expression of the state's authority over education in the compilation of the education code, achieving the institutional shaping of cultural subjectivity through scientific methods.

As digital platforms have become key infrastructures for cultural production and dissemination, the combined effects of platformized organizational concentration, algorithm-based rule pricing, and data-driven accumulative feedback have profoundly reshaped the effective operation of the Chinese Communist Party's cultural leadership. On the one hand, algorithmic logics reshape visibility and circulation, risking the marginalization of mainstream cultural expression; meanwhile, technology does not automatically ensure fairness but can intensify imbalances in data control and content curation, exacerbating resource disparities and fragmented identification. From the perspectives of institutional design, ecosystem cultivation, paradigm innovation, and national strategic coordination, the paper proposes a governance framework for enhancing culture leadership centered on algorithmic transparency, cultural redistribution, pluralistic expression, and consensus-oriented interventions, strengthening value guidance and consolidate leadership within public cultural spaces.

Low-altitude aviation and traditional aviation differ fundamentally in terms of flight planning, airspace utilization, value objectives, and other aspects, revealing the inadequacy of the traditional regulatory paradigm. In particular, the operational characteristics of low-altitude aircraft, being "low-altitude, slow-speed, small-sized, and numerous", pose a systemic challenge to the traditional "command-control" regulatory model built on the management experience of "high-altitude, high-speed, large aircraft." As a new governance tool, incentive-based regulation aims to balance the tension between safety and development values through interest-inducement mechanisms. However, in practice, it faces the inherent conflict between "incentive" and "regulation, " as well as the rule-of-law dilemma arising from the blurred boundaries of administrative discretion. The root of the former lies in the unclarified constitutional logic of property rights allocation in the low-altitude economy domain; the latter manifests as a puzzle of discretion limits caused by abstract rules, contextualized standards, and uncertain timing of intervention. To resolve the conflict between "incentive" and "regulation, " it is necessary to construct a composite governance mechanism integrating administrative guidance, administrative agreements, and negative incentives, thereby achieving a dialectical unity of incentive and restraint. Regarding the limitation of administrative discretion, institutional designs including low-altitude airspace classification, graded aircraft regulation, and multi-collaborative oversight should be implemented to transform subjective discretion into the application of objective rules, thereby enhancing regulatory certainty and predictability.

The Green Tax-Finance Policy instrument portfolio is an important impetus to accelerate the cultivation of new quality productive forces. Using the quasi-natural experiment of double pilot of the Environmental Protection Tax Reform and the Green Finance Reform Pilot Zone, this study employs the panel data from A-share listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen from 2013 to 2022, double machine learning approach to empirically examine the synergistic effect of green tax-finance policy on development of new quality productive forces of enterprises as well as the underlying mechanisms from the perspective of policy instrument portfolio. The study found that the synergy of green tax-finance policy can effectively promote the development of new quality productive forces of enterprises, and it can exert a stronger effect than the single pilot policy. Heterogeneity analysis shows that the synergy of green tax-finance policy has a greater impact on the new quality productive forces of enterprises in non-central cities, key environmental protection cities, third-tier and lower cities, and strategic emerging enterprises. Mechanism tests show that the synergy of green tax-finance policy effectively empower enterprises to improve new quality productive forces of enterprises by fiscal environmental expenditure, enterprise's financial constraints and enterprise ESG performance. In this regard, we should optimize the synergistic mechanism, fully utilize the portfolio effect, and adopt differentiated and precise measures.

In the "Introduction to the Critique of Political Economy", Marx constructed an analytical framework for production relations from three levels: ownership dimension of production relations, the "four links" production, distribution, exchange, consumption of production relations, and the superstructure. This provides a reference for exploring the production relations and their changes in the digital age. The emergence of data as a new production factor in the digital age has increasingly demonstrated its multiplier effect, leading to significant changes in the composition and power structure of the ownership of production materials, reshaping the roles and positions of the overall "four links" of production relations, and making the digital transformation of the superstructure more prominent. Together, these constitute the evolving trend of production relations in the digital age, making the production relations in the digital age exhibit distinct social-historical, dynamic and diverse characteristics. To promote the transformation of production relations in the digital age, we should adhere to the principle of "resolutely making changes where necessary and not making changes where unnecessary", and continue to advance the innovation and development of Marxist production relations theory; highlight the "focus on economic system reform" as a driving force, and clarify the main attack points and breakthroughs for the transformation of production relations; and adhere to the inherent requirement of "emphasizing both the development of social productive forces and the improvement of production relations", promoting the development of the digital economy from both the perspectives of production relations and productive forces.

In the digital age, generative artificial intelligence has become a significant technological force driving the development of AI in criminal justice. Compared with traditional AI-assisted sentencing systems, generative AI exhibits substantial differences in technical principles, application methods, and potential impacts. Generative AI-assisted sentencing can achieve intelligent innovation in the application of evidence rules through the digital deconstruction and reconstruction of evidentiary elements, the innovative expansion of evidence types, the in-depth mining of evidence relevance, and the digital standardization of evidence standards. However, it also faces risks such as disputes over the admissibility of evidence, the obscuring of decision-making logic by the "algorithmic black box", the implicit shift of the burden of proof due to algorithmic authority, and the consolidation of historical data biases into implicit presumptions. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a dynamic evidence classification framework and a two-tier review mechanism, enhance algorithmic transparency and expert assistance systems to ensure the effectiveness of cross-examination, and simultaneously implement data cleaning and bias detection mechanisms to block implicit presumptions. Ultimately, the principle of "human as the subject, technology as the tool" should be established, steering artificial intelligence back to its auxiliary role.

This paper focuses on the core dimension of "sense of gain, " analyzing the practical manifestations and underlying mechanisms of insufficient perceived gains during the current construction of a unified large market. Research findings reveal that factors such as inadequate coordination between dismantling and establishing new systems, polarized regional factor flows, lagging market scale growth, restrictions on factor mobility, divergent regulatory standards, and unequal public services have weakened the genuine perception of the unified market's effectiveness among citizens and enterprises. Drawing on institutional economics and behavioral science theories, this paper proposes a four-dimensional driving mechanism: empowering institutional innovation, ensuring procedural justice and fairness, strengthening domestic circulation, and optimizing public services. It specifically designs reform pathways and mechanisms centered on two fundamental qualities of the socialist market economy system: the free flow of factors and unified competition rules. Research indicates that only by effectively translating strategic and policy dividends into tangible benefits and conveniences for market entities and the public can consensus on reform be forged, thereby establishing the public support and social momentum necessary for building a unified national market.

Beijing's sports industry has a certain foundation, but it faces the challenge of weakening advantages in both horizontal and vertical comparisons, urgently requiring digital-intelligent technologies to drive systematic transformation. In view of this, regarding the empowerment logic, the study constructs an "empowerment dirve-empowerment process-empowerment outcome" analytical framework, revealing the progressive pathway through which technological breakthroughs, transmitted via mechanism innovation, lead to value creation, thereby elucidating the underlying logic of enablement. Current constraints mainly include shortcomings in technology, factors, and main entity capabilities on the supply side, as well as insufficient effective demand and an imperfect consumption environment on the demand side. Therefore, during the 15th Five-Year Plan period, the following pathways should be systematically advanced: in the empowerment motivation dimension, strengthen independent R&D of technology and talent introduction, and promote cross-departmental collaboration and resource integration; in the empowerment process dimension, improve data governance mechanisms, build five core scenarios, and promote consumption experience upgrades and trust assurance; in the empowerment outcome dimension, establish a dynamic supply-demand feedback system and build a monitoring system containing five major indicators including industrial structure, efficiency and functionality, and international influence.

In the literary world of the late Ming Dynasty, the Gong'an School and Jingling School emerged successively, which had a profound impact on the transformation of the poetic style of the late Ming Dynasty. Gong'an School and Jingling School have a high degree of consistency in their admiration for extraordinary people, but there are huge differences in their understanding of this kind of people. The extraordinary people depicted by Zhong Xing and Tan Yuanchun often have a cold and stern personality background, profound and meticulous personality traits, quiet and reclusive temperament, profound moral cultivation, and ancient academic pursuits. These factors are reflected in the creative philosophy and aesthetic approach of the Jingling School, which includes a rigorous and cautious creative attitude, a deep and meticulous aesthetic characteristic, a contemplative and immersive writing state, an ethico-aesthetic ideal of substantial depth, and a way of learning from the past to connect with the present. Since the mid to late Ming Dynasty, exceptional people often carried a distinct charactristic of Kuangzhe(the bold type), whereas the Jingling School transformed the ideal author from extroverted "Kuangzhe" to introverted "Juanzhe"(the scrupulously restrained type), at the same time endowing extraordinary people with profound cultural and moral connotations. This made the poetic temperament of Zhong and Tan more inclined towards depth and stillness rather than liveliness, and also promoted the gradual return of late Ming poetry to traditional elegant literature in terms of aesthetic and creative methods.

Tacit knowledge differs from explicit knowledge in that it is difficult to articulate and formalize. Tacit knowledge is often associated with habits, preferences and practice. Tacit knowledge is widely distributed in various fields such as education and management, and is also widely distributed at all levels from individuals to civilization. Tacit knowledge has methodological significance and is an essential perspective for studying knowledge activities and knowledge phenomena. From the perspective of tacit knowledge, it can be found that tacit knowledge is closely related to China's autono mous knowledge system. The tacit knowledge generated and accumulated in the process of fine Chinese traditional culture and modernization is an important source of knowledge for China's autonomous knowledge system. China's autonomous knowledge system contains a large number of autonomous tacit knowledge. The success of tacit knowledge is an important symbol of the success of China's autonomous knowledge system. In the process of constructing China's autonomous knowledge system, we should pay attention to obtaining tacit knowledge from China's existing tacit knowledge resources and current modernization practice, and then use these knowledge to enrich China's autonomous knowledge system. At the same time, we should also consciously use the movement law of tacit knowledge itself to strengthen knowledge production and knowledge systematization. For example, the externalization of tacit knowledge, the internalization of explicit knowledge, the transmission of tacit knowledge and other ways. In addition, methods such as oral history can also be used.

This paper challenges the claim that "correlation replaces causation" in the big data era, by examining the epistemological and methodological characteristics of big data analysis. Firstly, this article affirms that the correlations generated by big data pose a serious challenge to causality. Secondly, by analyzing the logical differences between correlation and causation, the analysis underscores causation's unique role in providing explanatory direction, eliminating spurious links, and guiding policy, noting that correlation, although having predictive effectiveness, lacks causal inference's power for counterfactual reasoning and intervention. Finally, using data-intensive science as an example, it shows how big data and causal reasoning can merge epistemologically, methodologically, and ontologically——through tools like Bayesian updating and intervention detection, highly isomorphic with the causal inference framework, which treat causation as a data-approximated mechanism. This article contends that we should transcend the binary opposition between correlation and causation and promote their complementarity at the methodological level.

In western community studies, the territoriality, relationality and ethicality inherent in the concept of community have been highlighted and strengthened, and thus have led to cognitive predicaments. In the context of territorialization, de-territorialization and re-territorialization of the community, there remains confusion over how to deal with the territorial nature of communities. The relational connotation of the community wavers between the interactive and communicative aspect at the social level and the relational construction at the symbolic level. Whether to pursue the analysis of objective phenomena or to base it on normative value judgments, has always been an issue that community research cannot avoid. In contrast, in his later years, based on the social reality of China and drawing on both Chinese and Western intellectual resources, Fei Xiaotong gradually constructed a community theory that deepened layer by layer from regional, relational to ethical aspects, and engaged in dialogue and expansion with the Western community myth. The regional-structural core not only extends the early community research to the small-town domain, but also expands the territorial nature in a Chinese way from the historical and cultural perspectives. The concept of "xintai"(psycho-mental complex) integrates the interpersonal social relations and consciousness within the community, achieving an internal transcendence of the relational myth of the community. The moral order of "diversity in unity" and "harmony in diversity(he er bu tong)" encompasses various levels from micro communities, ethnic groups and nations to the global community, providing a solution with Chinese wisdom to the ethical myth of community. This lays a theoretical foundation for the continuous deepening of current urban and rural community construction and provides a methodological reference for the independent knowledge production of Chinese Sociology.

Building a pilot and demonstration zone for the Chinese path to modernization is a new requirement of the times for the coordinated development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. Debut economy is a new chain economic model with the core feature of "first launch", covering multiple economic forms such as technology first launch, product first launch, and model first launch, which can provide practical paths and innovative momentum for Beijing Tianjin Hebei to build a pilot and demonstration zone of Chinese path to modernization. The industrial gradient and functional orientation of "Beijing R&D- Tianjin transformation-Hebei manufacturing" in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei are consistent with the whole chain operation of the debut economy. At the theoretical level, through the four mechanisms of innovation-driven, chain synergy, market penetration and spatial reconstruction, the debut economy facilitates the deep coupling of regional innovation chain, industrial chain and consumption chain, thus enabling the coordinated development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and modernization. However, this process still faces practical constraints such as weak policy coordination, restricted factor flow, significant market stratification, and prominent homogeneous competition. To this end, we should: firstly, build a debut economy coordination mechanism to shift from policy competition to rule co-construction; secondly, break down barriers to factor flow and improve resource allocation efficiency; thirdly, focus on market segmentation and integration, cultivate a large consumption pattern; fourthly, strengthen the ability of independent innovation, promote the sustainable development of the debut economy, and thus strengthen the enabling effect of the debut economy on the construction of the pilot zone and demonstration zone of the Chinese path to modernization in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.

Child care services serve as a crucial pathway to alleviate the educational challenges faced by rural left-behind children and promote their healthy development. Based on survey data from 1222 left-behind children in five counties (districts) of Hubei Province, this study employs regression analysis and propensity score matching (PSM) to empirically examine the impact of different care service models on children's social-emotional competence. The findings reveal that among the three types of care services, teacher support has a significantly positive effect on social-emotional competence and all its five dimensions. Children's club activities mainly enhance open-mindedness, collaborative skills, and interpersonal abilities, while the boarding model shows no statistically significant effect. Further mechanism analysis indicates that teacher support primarily promotes social-emotional competence by strengthening children's self-educational expectations, whereas children's club activities exert influence by improving peer relationships. Accordingly, it is recommended to systematically optimize the care service system by enhancing the educational function of boarding schools, improving teachers' caring capacity, and establishing home-school-community collaboration mechanisms, so as to improve the effectiveness of the services.

The difficulty in achieving innovation in grassroots governance lies in achieving a balance and unity between the administrative leadership logic of the governance subject and the participation logic of the governance object. Grassroots endogenous mobilization-based governance is an effective intermediary variable that demonstrates the authority of national administration to the process of grassroots social governance. The coupling and unity of endogenous mobilization value rationality and endogenous mobilization tool rationality reflects the embedding logic of digital governance technology into the authoritative order of grassroots governance. Case studies have found that the endogenous mobilization-based governance subject dominated by the exogenous administrative list system is prone to form a highly legal endogenous authority embedded mobilization path in policy propaganda, resource transmission, digital assessment, and organizational structure, and achieve technological good governance of endogenous mobilization authority subjects through digital empowerment; the star-accumulation system(Jixing System), which is nurtured by an endogenous environment and has the integration of the masses, can form a highly rational endogenous digital comparative mobilization path in terms of cultural habits, elite endowments, interest relationships, and value recognition, and achieve good governance of the value of endogenous mobilization objects through digital empowerment. The digital embedding logic of endogenous mobilization-based governance can serve as both a technical rationality for grassroots governance and a value rationality for promoting moral governance, which is the key to enhancing the effectiveness of endogenous mobilization-based governance at the grassroots level in China.

Based on the panel data of 276 prefecture-level and above cities in China from 2012 to 2023, this study empirically examines the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on the development of new quality productive forces and its underlying mechanisms. The findings show that artificial intelligence significantly promote the development of new productive forces, and this promoting effect is more significant in regions with high-tech level, high economic development level, regions with high industrial structure and eastern regions. The test of moderating effect finds that a perfect intellectual property system can better safeguard the rights and interests of innovation subjects, stimulate innovation vitality, mitigate the risk of technological monopoly, and build a good ecological environment for artificial intelligence to drive the development of new quality productive forces. The analysis of the mechanism shows that artificial intelligence optimizes the allocation of production factors and efficiency improvement through industrial digital transformation and innovative factor allocation, promotes the upgrading of industrial structure to high-end, intelligent and green, and then empowers the development of new quality productive forces. Based on this, we will carry out in-depth 'artificial intelligence+' actions, comprehensively strengthen the intellectual property protection mechanism in the field of artificial intelligence, and accurately promote the policy recommendations of industrial digital 'chain' transformation, in order to provide experience for exploring artificial intelligence to promote the development of new quality productive forces.