Utilizing the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) data and employing the difference-in-differences method, this study evaluates the welfare effects of the long-term care insurance pilot policy on residents in the region. The results show that long-term care insurance mainly alleviates the medical burden on families in pilot cities by reducing downward intergenerational support and promoting household consumption, thereby improving individuals' self-rated health and psychological well-being. However, the long-term care insurance system has not yet brought about overall welfare effects, which can be attributed to factors such as urban-rural disparities, insurance coverage models, age structures, and policy duration. At the same time, macro data were used to test the positive externalities generated by the long-term care insurance policy at the level of the whole society, specifically in terms of income effects, consumption effects and employment effects. Therefore, the pace of establishing a long-term care insurance system should be accelerated; the transformation of informal care into formal care should be promoted; emphasis should be placed on creating a sound health management system and differentiating long-term care insurance policies to maximize welfare effects; the coverage of long-term care insurance should be expanded to ensure the fairness and effectiveness of the policy; and synergies in various fields should be strengthened to give full play to the positive externalities of long-term care insurance at the social level.

Algorithmic justice is the core value principle that guides and constrains humans in the practice of algorithmic application. Its justice environment is a highly complex algorithmic ecosystem that can produce normative effects. Justice requirements cover three dimensions: the legitimacy of the algorithmic decision-making process, the fairness of the results generated by the algorithmic decision, and the rationality of the attribution of algorithmic decision-making. The proposition of algorithmic justice is established mainly for three reasons: first, the basic logic of justice is gradually shifting from the "veil of ignorance" to "big dataism", giving rise to new problem domains such as personalized laws and the reshaping of power structures; second, the alienation of algorithmic power brought about by datafication and machine opacity provides a realistic reason for the emergence of algorithmic justice; third, algorithmic justice is based on the moral responsibility of regulating the relationship among people and between people and machines, and has a sufficient legitimacy basis. In the digital age, we should follow the unique value connotations of algorithmic justice and explore solutions to its implementation by promoting the rational allocation of data resources, balancing the diverse interests of algorithmic subjects, optimizing algorithmic accountability mechanisms, and building human-computer communication mechanisms.

Paulo Freire's "Pedagogy of the Oppressed" criticizes traditional indoctrination education and advocates for the cultivation of individual critical consciousness through dialogue and questioning education to achieve social transformation. This article focuses on the core issue of "human liberation" and examines Freire's ontology, epistemology, methodology, and practice theory. The research finds that this theory inherits and develops Marx's theory of alienation. Ontologically, it argues that oppressive social structures lead to individual "dehumanization, " manifested as "class unconsciousness" and "fear of freedom." It proposes to stimulate individual subjectivity through education, break the dependent thinking of the oppressed, and achieve the transformation of "humanization." Specifically, it takes "questioning education" as the epistemology, replacing traditional indoctrination education with dialogue and questioning to promote the dual liberation of individuals and society; it takes "theme investigation" as the methodology, helping individuals deeply understand their own "limited situation" and form "generative themes" through dialogue and reflection; it takes the cultural action of dialogue as the practice theory, replacing "oppositional cultural invasion" with "dialogic cultural synthesis" to promote the oppressed to seek liberation through education.

Humour presents national attributes, and there exist notable differences between Chinese and Western humuor regarding cultural traditions and linguistic forms. Nevertheless, Chinese humor emphasizes the harmony between internal sublime and external irony that forms a significant commonality at the discourse level with British humor which emphasizes the discourse deviation from its narrative content, forming the foundation for the translatability of humuor. Lao She's witty Beijing local-coloured language parallels the facetious London stories of Charles Dickens, highlighting the shared art of humour in different languages. In translating humor, it is essential for translators to engage in cross-cultural coordination to identify cultural "correlatives" of humuor in the target language, thereby addressing cultural discrepancies in reproducing humorous elements. Meanwhile, translators need to accurately understand the stylistic and rhetoric construction of humour in the two languages, and explore the translatability of humuor. Furthermore, translators should employ the corresponding discourse deviations of the target language to reproduce the humorous art of the stylistic incongruity and rhetorical paradox in the source language, thereby achieving an appreciation and sharing of the national art of humuor.

Based on the historical experience of China's 15th Five-Year Plan, this paper systematically studies key elements, including the transformation of economic development strategies, innovations in planning formulation methodologies, social development conditions, and the evolution of the international economic landscape. Through assessment of the external development environment and trend analysis, the research finds that global economic uncertainty has intensified, a new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation is accelerating, and the global trade environments, rules and regulations, and governance systems are undergoing dramatic transformation. Based on the analysis of domestic development foundations and challenges, further research indicates that high-quality economic development has achieved breakthroughs while multiple downward pressures persist, and industrial structure upgrading continues to accelerate while risks coexist in key sectors, technological self-reliance and self-strengthening show preliminary results while shortcomings in core areas remain prominent, coordinated regional development advances steadily while regional disparities still require narrowing, and human capital levels improve steadily while demographic structural challenges emerge. Based on the above analysis, it is recommended that the 15th Five-Year Plan should focus on improving the planning system and policy coordination mechanisms, intensifying implementation of expansionary macroeconomic policies, accelerating industrial structure transformation and upgrading, vigorously promoting high-level technological self-reliance and self-strengthening, advancing coordinated regional development and urban-rural integration, proactively responding to demographic structural changes, and promoting risk prevention and reform in key sectors.

To achieve high-level technological self-reliance and self-improvement, it ultimately depends on high-level innovative talents. The independent cultivation of top-notch innovative talents in China's higher education has undergone decades of exploration, and has basically formed four types: the "youth class" model, the "base class" model, the "planned" model, and the "experimental class" model in universities. At present, the independent cultivation of top-notch innovative talents in China still faces practical challenges such as the urgent need to change the cultivation concept, lack of innovation in the cultivation mode, unsmooth cultivation mechanism, and insufficient atmosphere for cultivation. Looking towards the future, it is necessary to lead the transformation of training objectives and evaluation concepts with lofty aspirations, promote the updating of training models and curriculum systems with innovative potential as the core, construct a long chain of independent training for top-notch innovative talents based on growth laws, create a good innovation atmosphere through collaborative participation, promote the optimization of the independent training mode for undergraduate innovative talents, and build a solid foundation for the training of top-notch innovative talents.

The political, people-centered, and strategic attributes of education are the new ideas and conclusions put forward by General Secretary Xi Jinping on the issue of education. These three aspects are dialectically unified and mutually interdependent, offering both theoretical guidance and a framework for action in the construction of a strong educational system in China. Political attribute serve as the guiding direction and fundamental guarantee for building a strong educational system. It requires adherence to the socialist system, upholding the Party's comprehensive leadership over educational work, strengthening and improving ideological and political education in schools, and firmly establishing socialist core values. People-centered attribute is the starting point and ultimate goal for constructing a country strong in education. It calls for vigorously developing education at all levels and in all forms, focusing on improving educational quality, promoting educational equity, accelerating the construction of a learning society, and providing education that satisfies the people. Strategic attribute is the long-term plan and decisive key to build a country strong in education. It requires the coordinated implementation of the strategies for rejuvenating the country through science and education, strengthening the country through talent, and driving development through innovation. This also includes constructing a high-quality education system and the independent talent training system, continuously advancing comprehensive educational reform, and managing the relationship between localization and internationalization effectively.

Intergovernmental failure refers to the inefficient or ineffective allocation of resources caused by the complex relationships between governments. Intergovernmental failure can be categorized into two forms: vertical intergovernmental failure, which mainly manifests as policy implementation deviations between higher and lower levels of government, and horizontal intergovernmental failure, which primarily reflects improper competition among regional governments on regional issues. The dominant factor behind intergovernmental failure lies in the external problems between governments, with its deep roots closely tied to the dilemma of institutional collective action under the rational-bureaucratic framework. This dilemma is primarily manifested in the lack of mechanisms for information sharing and cost sharing, and is directly affected by the incentive structures among closed performance units under the rational-bureaucratic framework. To address intergovernmental failure, intergovernmental cooperation is considered as a key path. Its essence lies in the transformation of external problems into internal actions under a cooperative framework. The core lies in the establishment of a coordination mechanism for public values and interests, and by improving the "selective incentive" mechanism, enhancing the cost-benefit awareness of actors under the cooperative framework, thereby inhibiting the conditions that lead to intergovernmental failure and improving resource allocation efficiency.

Combined with the theoretical connotation of the new quality productivity, it analyses the inevitability of promoting the innovation and development of the silver economy from three aspects: theoretical logic, practical orientation and value orientation, clarifies the role mechanism of the new quality productivity in empowering the silver economy, reveals the dilemma it is facing at present, and discusses the practical path to break this dilemma. The new quality productivity will realize the transformation and upgrading of the silver economy by empowering new production, new services and new business forms. However, at present, the new quality productivity to empower the silver economy is facing obstacles in the dimensions of productivity and production relations, not only need to strengthen the breakthroughs in technological research and development from the factors of production, strengthen the financial support for the elderly, cultivate the new quality of the labour force, and fully explore the data on aging to promote the transformation and upgrading of the traditional silver industry, but also need to innovate the economic and scientific and technological system from the relations of production, to achieve the all around innovative development of the silver economy from the technology, industry to the institutional system.

Based on the Marxist theory of "two kinds of production" and the Chinese idea of balanced population development, this paper analyzes the challenges and opportunities of long-term balanced population development in the new era, namely, the three challenges of slowing growth rate, intensifying aging, declining business willingness, and the three opportunities of extending life span, improving human capital, and reasonable urban and rural structure. Based on this, the practical path of balanced development of population support in the new era is put forward. In terms of theoretical logic, we should stand on the new development stage, implement the new development concept, and accelerate the establishment of a new pattern of balanced population development in the new era; on the practical path, we should actively improve the fertility policy and increase the willingness to give birth, comprehensively promote the construction of a healthy China and establish a new concept of health, and grasp the "harmony and differences" between urbanization and rural revitalization and promote the coordinated development of urban and rural areas. In order to better achieve these goals, the formulation of strategies should be problem-oriented and strengthen the synergy between population and economic strategies, so as to promote the long-term sustainable development of the population, the economy, society, resources and the environment.

Based on a questionnaire survey of social media users, this paper empirically analyzes the impact of anti-intellectualism on the cognition, attitudes, and behaviors of science communication audiences. The results indicate significant differences in anti-intellectualism tendencies among groups with varying demographic characteristics. Social media users often exhibit an instrumental understanding of scientific knowledge, and their trust in various intellectual groups is notably inconsistent, with economists and experts receiving the lowest level of trust. Anti-intellectualism is found to significantly and positively predict the degree of individual misunderstanding of scientific and technological information, while it negatively predicts individual attitudes toward science communication. Furthermore, it influences individual behaviors related to the communication of scientific and technological information through a chain mediation involving scientific misunderstanding and attitudes toward science communication. In order to mitigate the negative impact of anti-intellectualism on science communication, government agencies should implement supportive policies that encourage scientists to highlight the practical significance of their research findings. Media outlets and platforms should enhance information management and work to reshape the public image of experts. Science communication professionals must take into account the specific characteristics of their audience to improve the accuracy of their messaging. Various stakeholders should cultivate a robust awareness of ideological risk prevention and strengthen public opinion guidance in the realm of science popularization.

Virtual currencies possess a relatively high inherent money-laundering risk due to their characteristics of anonymity, transnationality, and decentralization. In practice, the number of cases involving money-laundering through virtual currencies has been continuously increasing. The current prohibition policy in China cannot effectively address such inherent risks. Instead, it aggravates the trends of underground and cross-border virtual currency transactions, resulting in a unique residual risk condition. Consequently, virtual currency money-laundering crime cases face varying degrees of governance dilemmas in a series of aspects including crime detection, criminal investigation, and the recovery and disposal of assets. Under such circumstances, the current prohibition-oriented governance model ought to be adjusted. The formulation of the Digital Property Law should be expedited to clarify the non-financial commodity nature of virtual currencies and incorporate virtual currency transactions into the scenario-based multiple supervision of individual overseas investment activities, thereby constructing a smooth pathway for legal virtual currency transactions. Based on this, relevant provisions of the Anti-Money-Laundering Law and procedural rules related to virtual currencies should be refined to provide sufficient institutional support for the prevention and punishment of virtual currency money-laundering crimes. Additionally, the on-chain and off-chain governance, institutional and technological governance, as well as domestic and international governance should be coordinated to ensure the effective operation of the virtual currency anti-money-laundering governance system.

Based on the data of A-share listed companies in China from 2010 to 2022, and with the establishment of the National Big Data Comprehensive Pilot Zone as an exogenous policy shock, this study empirically tests the impact of big data development on the scale of labor employment in enterprises using the staggered difference in different model. Research has found that big data development has a significant impact on the scale of labor employment in enterprises, which can be achieved by promoting digital transformation of enterprises, and alleviating liquidity constraints. Heterogeneity analysis has found that for state-owned enterprises, capital intensive enterprises, and enterprises located in high administrative level cities, the role of big data development in expanding labor employment scale is more significant. Further research has found that big data development can also increase the proportion of R&D personnel, narrow the wage gap between ordinary employees and management, and promote common prosperity within the enterprise. Therefore, big data development should be regarded as an important tool for the country to implement the policy of stabilizing employment and ensuring employment. Promote digital transformation of enterprises, alleviate liquidity constraints, and facilitate the transmission channels of big data development to expand the scale of enterprise employment. Combining urban resources with enterprise endowments, implementing policies tailored to local conditions and enterprises, and improving the accuracy of big data policies.

Artificial intelligence offers unprecedented historical opportunities to achieve freedom of life and spiritual freedom, but it brings challenges such as how to address anxiety over job replacement and how to ensure that in the education of artificial intelligence, the life and practice of humans are reflected, preventing intelligent machines from replacing human embodied cognition, emotional experiences, and spiritual activities. Zhuangzi's thought of "learning to swim" aims to cultivate the physical and mental ability to achieve life freedom and spiritual freedom, and embodies the life consciousness and aesthetic pursuit of Zhuangzi's educational thought. The original meaning of the word "Xiaoyao" is "reduce and shake", which reflects the subject consciousness of "things and I are integrated" and the knowledge construction view of "The hub of the Tao and the middle of the ring". In the era of artificial intelligence, education should draw on Zhuangzi's educational philosophy of "harmonious development of body and spirit", promoting the comprehensive and free growth of students body and mind. It should guide students to form an optimistic and proactive attitude towards life and cultivate the ability for symbiosis with machines, as well as the innovative capacity to participate in the digital construction of social consensus through embodied practice. Artificial intelligence literacy education should be integrated into daily teaching activities as much as possible, avoiding overemphasizing the job replacement crisis of artificial intelligence technology, and should not increase the burden on students under the guise of cultivating artificial intelligence literacy.

Considering the national pilot policy of information benefit as a quasi-natural experiment in the implementation of governance digitization by the government, this paper explores the impact of digitization of government governance on the development of new quality productive forces using 285 city-level data from 2010 to 2021. It is found that the digitization of government governance can significantly promote the development of new quality productive forces, and has a positive effect on the development of new-quality workers, new-quality labor means and new-quality labor objects; mechanism analysis shows that the digitization of government governance can play the role of efficient market by promoting market competition and improving resource allocation efficiency, and can also play the role of active government by reducing institutional transaction costs and optimizing the business environment, thus promoting the development of new quality productive forces; heterogeneity analysis finds that the digitization of government governance is more capable of promoting the development of new quality productivity in regions with high intensity of intellectual property protection, high level of smart logistics infrastructure, and high attention to the digital economy. In this regard, the process of digital transformation of government governance should be accelerated in the future; the channel of transmission of the digitalization of government governance to empower the development of new quality productivity should be deepened; differentiated policies should be formulated to improve the precision of the digitization of government governance.

The participation of senior citizens in volunteering is a complex and dynamic social phenomenon, driven by both individual motivations and needs, as well as influenced by social relationships and external environment. This study applies a social mechanism analysis perspective, examining the motivations for senior citizens' participation in volunteer services, the challenges they face, and potential pathways for enhancing their involvement, from the micro-level of individual interactions to the macro-level of societal structures. The study suggests that limited volunteering options fail to meet the senior citizens' needs for self-actualization, the decline of community cohesion leads to a loss of "sense of community", and inadequate external support, caused by incomplete institutional and cultural environments, all hinder senior citizens' participation in volunteering. To improve their participation, the study proposes several strategies: expanding the content of volunteer services to meet the diverse needs of older adults, rebuilding community cohesion to enhance their sense of belonging, and creating an age-friendly volunteering system and cultural environment to provide robust external support.

Qidi (Eight-banner land) served as the economic foundation of the Eight Banners system in the Qing Dynasty, and was a pivotal pillar of the establishment and ethnic oppression practiced by the Qing state. These lands were primarily distributed in Jifu (the capital region and adjacent areas), Fengtian (modern Liaoning), and other garrison areas of the Eight Banners. Upon the establishment of the Republic of China, the government initiated a survey and remeasurement of Qidi, categorizing them into grades, collecting land prices, issuing licenses, and converting Qidi into Mindi (civilian land). This process is termed as"the transformation of Qidi into Mindi." Taking Jifu, Fengtian, and Nanjing as case studies, this paper examines the origin, process, and impact of the measurement and distribution of Qidi in the early Republic of China. By measuring and distributing Qidi, the government collected payments, which corrupt officials exploited for personal gain. Meanwhile, the former Qing imperial family members, noblemen, and upper-class Banner people sold their land while collecting land prices, while landlords and tenants (sharecroppers) economically strengthened themselves by purchasing Qidi. The measurement and distribution of Qidi lasted for three decades, ultimately leading to the complete collapse of the Eight Banners land system. As Qidi was converted into Mindi, parasitic Banner landlords ceased to exist, and land-related lawsuits greatly decreased. This led to the unification of national land tax systems, and new landowners and smallholder farmers invested greater enthusiasm into production, thereby promoting the recovery and development of the agricultural economy. The transformation of Qidi into Mindi also encouraged Manchus to break free from the constraints of the Eight banner system and embark on self-sustaining livelihoods.

By systematically sorting out the diverse symbolic expressions in the inheritance of red culture, including material entities, behavioral activities, language and writing, and artistic creation, and taking the symbolic expression forms in the inheritance process of Zhao Shang-zhi's revolutionary spirit as a case study, this essay pointed out that the driving role of the symbolic expression of revolutionary spirit in the inheritance of red culture is mainly achieved through three mechanisms: emotional bonds, memory inheritance strengthening, and value shaping. On this basis, optimization strategies for the symbolic expression and identification construction of revolutionary spirit in the inheritance of red culture were proposed: to fully utilize the network and physical space, combine the advantages of industrial integration, and promote the integration of red culture with tourism, education, cultural and creative industries, technology and other fields; to improve the construction of channels and platforms for the dissemination of red culture, establish a sound management mechanism for the dissemination of red cultural symbols, and strengthen digital and technological empowerment; to carry out characteristic red culture education activities for different groups, create a good atmosphere for the whole society to inherit red culture, and promote the recognition of revolutionary spirit by combining regional cultural characteristics.

As a dual "marginal figure" in terms of ethnicity and social class, Jin Midi, the son of the Xiongnu King Xiutu attended the Western Han court as a captive and horse tender. Around 119 BCE (the fourth year of Yuanshou reign), significant changes in Han-Xiongnu relations prompted Emperor Wu to revive Jia Yi's "Three Demonstrations and Five Enticements" strategy, seeking to "tame the Xiongnu through benevolence" by preferentially treating surrendered nobles. As the "exemplary defector", Jin Midi became a key performer in the imperial spectacle of "Four Yi's Subduing". His loyalty manifested not as mere moral consciousness, but rather as a complex interplay between imperial indoctrination and survival tactics-necessitating both compliance with the emperor's expectation of Hua-Yi order and navigation of court intrigues. The historical construction of Jin Midi's image involved multiple determinants. Ban Gu's Book of Han strategically reshaped his narrative through selective editing and ethical reframing, incorporating him into Confucian loyalty-filialty discourse. This historiographical treatment served both the imperial cultural agenda and correlated with the rising influence of Confucian scholars during Huo Guang's regency, as well as the political standing of Jin's descendants. The enduring image of Jin Midi ultimately emerged as a collusion of imperial manipulation, personal agency, and historiographical discourse.

Since the promulgation of the "Civil Code, " our country has officially incorporated the right of residence system into legislation. Although the current right of residence retains the characteristics of servitudes, it also leaves room for new types of contractual rights of residence with investment purposes, such as "house for pension." However, the actual operation of this system has not been ideal. The background of introducing the right of residence system in our country is different from that of countries like Germany, and there are differences in transaction risks. The traditional family ethics of our country have also had a certain impact on the operation of this system. The dual legislative goals of social security and investment will generate a series of problems during the implementation of the system. Achieving the system's goal of investment through debt is more cost-effective and flexible, and is more feasible. Investment-oriented residential benefits are more suitable for protection through a creditor's rights model; the right of residence should return to the logic of servitudes, and a right of residence that is not transferable or inheritable in principle should be established, so as to give the parties the freedom to establish the duration and consideration of the right of residence, thereby achieving its primary goal of social security.

Social enterprises are trapped in the "scale curse" due to the goal of balancing economic and social effects, which to some extent limits the potential of their role. Compared to the internal expansion methods that are prone to inducing "mission drift", mixed governance of social enterprises, as an effective way to integrate external complementary resources and expand social influence, has not received the attention it deserves. Based on the dual dimensions of capital inflow and partner control, a typological analysis framework is constructed to identify four mixed governance models of social enterprises: technology sharing, open source licensing, franchise partners, and joint operations, and to explain and verify them with specific domestic cases. On this basis, summarize and sort out the applicable conditions of different mixed governance models and two transformation paths for scale expansion of mixed governance, namely technology sharing→franchise→partners→joint operations and technology sharing→open source licensing→joint operations.

The high dependence of grain supply in Beijing during the Ming Dynasty on national fiscal allocation is almost a consensus among scholars, who have also focused on state financial payments for the distribution of official grain arriving in the capital. However, the research indicates that due to the limitations of fiscal expenditures, grain supply and demand strata in Beijing, there is a longstanding contradiction where the official grain supply falls short of the needs for many individuals supported by public finances. Therefore, alongside fiscal allocations, there is an evident reliance on the market.The development of the grain market in Beijing during the Ming Dynasty depended more on the transformation from state fiscal circulation to market circulation, specifically the official rice market formed through the transportation, storage, and distribution processes of official grain. According to estimates, the official rice market, composed of monthly rations and the commercialization of surplus rice, could satisfy half of the capital's grain demand, creating a mechanism for grain supply in the capital that involved interaction between fiscal and market forces.Under the local market model, the imperial court relied heavily on substantial physical fiscal reserves for an extended period, using a series of temporary fiscal allocations to stabilize grain prices. Before the Chongzhen emperor, Beijing's grain supply demonstrated strong national response capabilities.

The leapfrog development of students from underprivileged families is an important representation of the degree of social structure accommodation and the degree of educational equity realization. In order to break the inherent label of weak learning motivation and lack of school experience of students from underprivileged families, through in-depth analysis of the middle school experience of 8 students from underprivileged families and 16 autobiographical materials, the generation mechanism of their learning motivation and campus experience are explored. It is found that students from underprivileged backgrounds show two kinds of motivation in interpersonal and environmental interaction in middle school: one is the "expectation-satisfaction" motivation to meet future expectations through active actions, and the other is the "resource-maintenance" motivation to try to maintain existing resources to avoid loss. The formation and development of the above motivation are affected by the emotional reward and punishment mechanism. With the motivation to study, students from underprivileged backgrounds can achieve academic achievements under the "achievement first" rule of the middle school field, and then obtain positive emotions through positive teacher-student interaction and peer communication, so that they can change from the disadvantaged social and economic status to the "advantaged group" in the campus, so as to obtain and maintain diversified capital. This means that students from underprivileged families can obtain positive emotions and favorable positions by following field rules, and break the restrictions of family background to a certain extent.

Since the late Ming Dynasty, scholars have given different answers to the question of who is the first person in the history of Ming Confucianism from different angles. Some advocated Song Lian (宋濂) from the perspective of the first literati, some advocated Fang Xiaoru (方孝孺) from the perspective of the starter of Confucianism, some advocated Cao Duan (曹端) from the perspective of the Neo-Confucian orthodoxy, and some advocated Xue Xuan (薛瑄) and Wu Yubi (吴与弼) from the perspectives of the North-South controversy, and the starter of the theory of Qi(气) and the theory of the heart, respectively. Different answers often reflect different perspectives on Ming Neo-Confucianism, Ming Confucianism, and the philosophy in the Ming Dynasty. Thus it should be clarified. Such clarification also reminds us that, on the one hand, there is a tension between the construction of Neo-Confucian orthodoxy and historical truth, and on the other hand, academic history itself is complex, and we need to pay attention to both the people and their ideas in the academic history being narrated and the people telling the academic history and their stances.

As a new quality of productivity in the digital era, algorithms have become a key driver to boost social development. Focusing on the perspective of risk, the semi-structured interview method is adopted to explore the enabling mechanism of the algorithm application to tourism emotion research, clarify the risk problems applied by the algorithm to tourism emotion research, reveal the realistic causes of risk breeding, and summarize the feasible measures of risk governance. It is found that the enabling mechanism of the tourism emotion research can be subdivided into the empowerment of both consumers and producers. The risk of algorithm applying in tourism emotion research is manifested as privacy leakage, algorithm bias, ethical anomie, technology out of control and other problems, etc. The risk generation can be summarized as the limitation of algorithm technology, poor data quality, improper enterprise application, lagging regulatory system and other reasons. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen privacy protection, eliminate algorithm bias, adhere to the ethical bottom line, strengthen technology control and other comprehensive measures, to solve the blockage, pain points and difficulties in the application of algorithm.

Based on the panel data of cities at prefecture level and above from 2011 to 2022, this paper constructs a multiple linear regression model, and empirically studies the influence of the development of new quality productive forces on the overall revitalization of rural areas and its mechanism. The results show that the development of new quality productive forces is conducive to the overall revitalization of rural areas, and the three main bodies of rural high-quality farmers, scientific and technological innovation enterprises and investment and financing institutions have a positive moderating effect on the promotion of new quality productive forces. Further research shows that, in terms of time series, the new quality productive forces enabling rural comprehensive revitalization has long-term sustainability and continues to play a positive role in a long time. In terms of spatial distribution, the overall rural revitalization enabled by new quality productive forces has regional spillover effect, and prefecture-level cities with higher levels of new quality productive forces have a positive driving effect on other prefecture-level cities in the same province. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new quality productive forces according to local conditions in order to perfect the long-term mechanism of all-round rural revitalization; build a multi-subject rural innovation system led by high-quality farmers, scientific and technological innovation enterprises and green financial institutions; pay attention to the long-term effects of new quality productive forces, and strengthen the dynamic monitoring and evaluation of policy implementation effects.

The royal envoys to Ryukyu in Qing dynasty wrote about Ryukyu in literature during their missions, mainly includes the daily space of the Embassy, the geographical space of the Eight Scenic Spots of Ryukyu, and the social space in Zhuzhi Ci. In the writing of the angel embassy, they marked their own identity through space and expressed the longing for noble achievements. Then they defined the embassy as "the other", and constructed rich and multifaceted self-image through interaction with daily space. On this basis, they shaped the geographical space of Ryukyu with Eight Scenic Poems as the centre. The selection of the eight scenic spots reflects the spatial order centered on Han culture, and the writing of the Eight Scenic Spots shows a strong love for the land complex, through which they endowed the Ryukyu landscapes with specific cultural meanings, made them literary landscapes that are both aesthetic and temporal. In the writing of the social space of Ryukyu, they not only highlighted the heterogeneity of Ryukyu society from aspects of residential buildings, clothing, and production methods. but also sought the traces of Han culture in culture, customs, and systems, and made it a literary image that incorporates subjective value. The presence depictions of different spaces in Ryukyu by the envoys of the Qing Dynasty constructed their self-images and the literary image of Ryukyu, and expanded the writing space of Qing Dynasty literature.

From the Ming and Qing dynasties' imperial center, the Forbidden City, to the Palace Museum—which now embodies diverse values within the shared aspirations of the people and the progression of Chinese civilization—the imperial palace spatial realm has seen significant shifts in its political and cultural roles. Consequently, the values and societal functions it represents have evolved, emphasizing cultural publicness, affinity to the people, and its role as a symbol of civilization. The change of the image of the imperial palace is not the opposition between tradition and modernity in the evolution of time stipulated by the classical view of time. Instead, it highlights the multiple values of the imperial palace as a symbol of civilization, as well as the misunderstandings encountered during the transformation of modern civilization. In the perspective of "the second combination", the imperial palace is a cultural symbol of historical accumulation, an important cultural resource that needs to be constantly explored and interpreted, a cultural heritage shared by the whole nation, and a cultural field for spreading the values of all humanity through mutual learning of civilizations. Under "another liberation of the mind", the imperial palace has been given important value in cultivating the cultural form of Chinese path to modernization, which is an excellent example of understanding the salient features of Chinese civilization and forming a new concept of civilization combining tradition and modernity.

Wenzhangzhengzhong broke the tradition of compiling collections, which recorded a large number of historical articles from Zuozhuan, Guoyu, Zhanguoce, Shiji and Hanshu into the collection.It categorized them into three types: Ciming, argumentation and narration.The historical sections had been reconstructed into independent articles, which was a deep exploration of the literary value and stylistic significance of historical articles. Later various collections compiled articles from historical records, many of the selections repeated with Wenzhangzhengzhong. Following the selected historical articles into the collection, Zhen Dexiu had to give the titles to the articles, which highlighted the stylistic attributes or could briefly summarize the contents of the articles. They effected subsequent collections. The collection to distinguish styles emphasized the former more, while the collection of Qing dynasty emphasized the latter more, ultimately forming many classic historical articles with titles that are still uses today. Wenzhangzhengzhong recorded a large number of historical articles, which was related to its compilation principle.Furthermore, the editor admired the ancient prose of the pre-Qin and Han dynasties.He aimed to expand the scope of ancient prose and wanted to provide more classic examples to the ancient prose. At the same time, Wenzhangzhengzhong was influenced by earlier collections and works on article studies.

In the context of population aging, there is an urgent need to focus on the active agency of elderly individuals and the pathways through which their functions can be realized. Guided by social connection theory, this study utilizes data from the 2020 China Elderly Social Tracking Survey to explore the social participation patterns of the elderly based on their involvement in personal, family, and social life domains, employing latent class models to analyze the impact of these patterns on attitudes toward aging. The study identifies three patterns of social participation among the elderly: alienated, weakly connected, and strongly connected, with the weakly connected pattern being predominant. The assignment to a social participation pattern is related to the characteristics of the elderly. The impact of social participation patterns on attitudes toward aging is significant and robust. Compared to the alienated pattern, the weakly connected pattern does not offer particular advantages, whereas the strongly connected pattern markedly improves attitudes toward aging. This improvement is primarily achieved through the subjective factor of self-efficacy and the objective factor of social networks. The beneficial effects of the strongly connected pattern vary among different elderly individuals, showing a stronger influence on women, younger individuals, those with higher social status, and those residing in favorable regional environments. Future social policies and services should pay particular attention to the internal differences within this group when encouraging social participation among the elderly.

There is a deviation between the ideal and reality of multilateral arrangements for CBDCs. From the perspective of risk regulation, the inherent risk of cross-border flow of CBDCs is the root of its internal dilemma, and the lag in rules, mechanisms, and theories in response to risk regulation leads to regulatory dilemmas. In order to promote the standardized and orderly cross-border flow of CBDCs, it is necessary for China to restructure regulation based on m-bridge project. At the theoretical level, it is urgent to adjust the traditional national currency theory and the concept of monetary sovereignty, and to construct a theoretical basis for the cross-border flow of CBDCs based on the institutional theory of currency. At the level of rules, it is necessary to strengthen the supplement of specialized rules for CBDCs cross-border flow, and further clarify the rights and obligations between different entities such as central banks and commercial banks. At the regulatory level, it is critical to build a data-driven regulatory architecture and a "two-dimension regulatory system" by utilizing data analysis tools and large-scale models computing. At the same time, an open regulatory structure should be shaped, leveraging the advantages of payment platform enterprises and international monetary cooperation frameworks to promote collaborative governance of CBDCs cross-border flow.

Michel Henry provided a novel interpretation of Descartes' classic philosophical proposition, 'cogito ergo sum', reaffirming the legitimacy of 'cogito' as the 'beginning of Philosophy' from a phenomenological perspective. He emphasized that 'cogito' possesses an original self-manifestation and self-affectivity. Henry rejected the intentional and evidential interpretations of 'cogito' put forth by classical phenomenologists such as Husserl and Heidegger, contending that they overlooked the radical immanence inherent in Descartes' assertion, which cannot be adequately captured within Ek-stasis or objective intuition. Furthermore, Henry critiqued Descartes' own ideas, arguing that Descartes failed to effectively distinguish between the dual dimensions of 'cogito'. Specifically, Henry posited that 'cogito' encompasses not only a function of phenomenalization that brings things into manifestation, but also embodies a material and invisible affectivity. Henry made significant contributions to both Cartesian thought and Phenomenology. His work, 'Material Phenomenology', not only reconstructs and supplements Descartes' ideas, but also advances Phenomenology itself to a more radical level than those proposed by Husserl and Heidegger.

The secure housing of young people is related to the process of high-quality urban development and the long-term social stability of the country. Through in-depth interviews with 38 cases in S city, the living status of transitional youth presents characteristics such as "big diaspora, small congregation", hidden security risk and conflict of cohabitation habits. The study found that spatial boundaries and identity distance constitute a double compression of the transitional youth: on the one hand, the group is imbalanced in the living order under the effect of living differences and segregation, and on the other hand, the marginalization risk of living in segregated areas leads them into the inherent disorders of the emotional order of their lives. They try to escape from the impact of residential segregation and achieve self-breakthrough by building idealized co-residence and "nomadic" residential space, but it is fundamentally necessary to integrate the effective paths of government, market, and society in order to jointly resolve their housing tensions and transition dilemmas, so as to ensure the resilient development of the new generation youth and Chinese path to modernization.

Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, the relationship between urban and rural areas has undergone several stages: the formation of a dual-track system, the imbalanced development during rapid economic growth, and a phase of comprehensive integrated development. Throughout these stages, changes in the land system and the model of industrialization have played a central role. By applying Marxist rent theory to construct a unified analytical framework, this study deconstructs the emergence and productive use of land rent in the evolution of urban-rural relations in China. It finds that during the planned economy era, the "price scissors" between agricultural and industrial products generated the large capital required for the heavy industry first development strategy. After the reform and opening-up, it was the "land price scissors" that helped accumulate substantial funds needed for urbanization. It is precisely the different land rights systems and industrial development models across various periods that have prevented the balanced allocation of production factors between urban and rural areas, resulting in stage-specific urban-rural development imbalances and laying the foundation for optimizing production relations in the next stage.To promote integrated urban-rural development comprehensively, it is necessary to break the dual land system between urban and rural areas and the dual pricing mechanism for residential-commercial land and industrial land within cities; to eliminate the dual household registration (hukou) system and its corresponding bifurcated public service provision structure and to clarify the interrelations between land, hukou, and the associated fiscal and taxation systems, as well as push forward reforms in fiscal policy.

Constructing rural social governance community to cope with the rural social publicity digestion, and contributing China's solutions to the world with "What a rural society to be built and how to build it." The rural social governance community in the new era includes responsibility community, value community and interests community, these three structures are whole system of mutual influence. By delegating responsibilities, issuing rules, and sinking resources, the state pushes "the focus of social governance to move down to the grassroots", which is the basic realistic governance background of rural society. Guided by Xi Jin-ping's important remarks on local governance to reply the public dilemma of overarching, formalism and individualism, we condense the construction path of rural social governance community: technical division of public responsibilities to shape a rural responsibility community with clear responsibilities, and move towards "everyone is responsible"; ethical adjustment of public rules to coagulate a rural value community with conscious value, and move towards "everyone is dedicated"; property rights allocation of public resources to create a rural interests community with close interests, and move towards "everyone shares benefits".

Based on the industry data of 13 cities in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region from 2013 to 2022, using the primacy index, Zipf rank-size rule and standard deviation ellipse method, this paper analyzes the spatio-temporal characteristics and dynamic evolution trend of the development of the digital economy in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region from three aspects: industry scale, innovation ability and investment attracting ability. The findings are as follows: the scale difference of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei digital industry is still large, but the scale distribution is increasingly reasonable; the spatial distribution of industrial scale shows a significant expansion trend, but the radial imbalance is more prominent. The innovation capability of the digital industry in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region has been continuously improved, and the gap between the regions has been continuously narrowed; innovation capacity shows the spatial distribution characteristics of "first expanding, then concentrating, and then expanding", but innovation activities are mainly concentrated in Beijing. The investment attracting capacity of the digital industry in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region has increased year by year, but the characteristics of decentralized regional agglomeration have gradually emerged; the investment attracting capacity of the digital economy service industry is mainly gathered in Beijing, while the investment attracting capacity of the digital product manufacturing industry is gradually gathered in Tianjin. In the future, we should promote the development of digital industry in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region, such as building and sharing a digital industry innovation resource platform and cultivating and strengthening the digital industry.

The narrative strategy of reconstruction of the story "Western Journey Drama" of the Qing Dynasty was influenced by three kinds of pre-texts. In the narrow sense, the Baihui edition of Journey to the West is the most important "combination-aggregation" type of pre-text, which not only provides the playwright with the experience of selecting and organizing events, but also provides the basic norms for narrating the stories of "gods and demons", moreover, the original content can be "combined" into the script, as a scene poem or character conversation. The early script is a more direct "combination" type of pre-text. Based on the artistic characteristics of "drama-based", "Western Journey Drama" of the Qing Dynasty often follows and integrates the previous libretto, and the organization of the suite directly affects the narrative process. In a broad sense, the public image of Journey to the West among the minds of the public at that time, that is, the public's basic understanding of the meaning of Journey to the West based on multi-media narration, also profoundly influenced the narrative strategy of the playwright. Even the literati "Western Journey Drama" also needs to meet the public's expectations. Therefore, a narrative tendency is formed, that is, to frame the narrative with the "fairy book", which provide a clear and recognizable meaning for the story, and to take the "game book" as the narrative purpose in essence.

The new Company Law directly confuses the civil liability of independent directors with the liability of non independent directors, which theoretically creates a structural mismatch and in practice leads to an imbalance in the rights and obligations of independent directors. The root of the problem lies in the current regulations ignoring significant differences between independent directors and non independent directors in terms of role positioning, fiduciary obligations, and compensation and benefits. Based on the principles of law and economics, the construction of the civil liability system for independent directors in China should follow the "economic man" hypothesis, cost-benefit analysis, and optimal compensation liability theory. On this basis, the responsibility base is based on the income of independent directors, and the responsibility scope of independent directors is reasonably set by multiplying the degree of fault of independent directors for violating their duty of diligence by the corresponding responsibility multiplier. In other words, if an independent director has minor negligence, they do not need to bear responsibility; if an independent director has general negligence, they shall bear responsibility within the range of one to two times the total income of their tenure; if an independent director has gross negligence, they shall bear responsibility within the range of three to five times the total income of their tenure. At the same time, exceptions should be made where independent directors who violate their fiduciary duties and intentionally harm the interests of the company or third parties shall bear full liability for compensation.

Classroom silence is a kind of hidden action for primary and middle school students to participate in classroom learning and a survival art to strategically protect themselves.Primary and middle school students often implement a variety of resistance responses to the squeezing of teachers' educational power and the shaping of social and cultural habits through tacit individual actions such as submissive silence, participative silence and defiant silence. These resistance not only reflects the identity of primary and middle school students as the majority of the weak and their survival strategy, but also reflects the value distortion behind classroom silence.In order to reverse the misjudgment of the value of "classroom silence", teachers should overcome the simplification, randomization and non-ethical treatment of primary and middle school students classroom silence, and properly exercise teachers' educational power, construct a reasonable view of the virtue of classroom silence, and grasp the tension between meaningful silence and high-quality speech.

Chinese path to modernization is a socialist modernization led by the Communist Party of China(CPC). The civilization concept it contains enriches and expands the specific connotation of the Marxist civilization concept. The modernization with a huge population inherits the diverse and integrated Chinese civilization internally, and profoundly influences the historical process of world modernization externally, embodying a holistic view of civilization. The modernization of common prosperity for all people goes beyond the narrow civilization view that only a few people have achieved in the past, and contains a civilization view centered on the people. The modernization that harmonizes material civilization and spiritual civilization adheres to the coordinated development of material civilization and spiritual civilization, and embodies the concept of comprehensive development of civilization. The modernization of harmonious coexistence between humans and nature has abandoned many erroneous views and practices in dealing with the relationship between humans and nature, and contains a civilized concept of sustainable development. The modernization that follows the path of peaceful development transcends erroneous civilization views such as the superiority of civilization, the conflict of civilizations, and the estrangement of civilizations, and contains an open and inclusive civilization view.