As an important document promulgated by of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom regime, the Land System of the Heavenly Kingdom has been receiving much attention from historians. However, due to the war, the document was not continued in China, and the original text of the document was eventually recovered from the British Museum and other places overseas and it saw the light of day, during which Cheng Yansheng and Xiao Yishan made important contributions. The historians of the Republic of China has been both positive and negative on the position of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, and there are also writings that adopt a materialistic view of history. The Public ownership and "the land is for all to till" in the Land System of the Heavenly Kingdom were often given a "communism" or "socialism" tone, or linked to the traditional "commonwealth" ideal, which get a lot of positive assessments. Such questions as whether the system was implemented, how feasible it was, and what its status was in the various systems of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom have been interpreted and evaluated in different ways by different people. The high level of attention paid to the Land System of the Heavenly Kingdom by historians during the Republic of China not only becomes a snapshot of the development of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Research at that time, but also sets the tone for the system's subsequent historiography writing.

Algorithmic justice is the core value principle that guides and constrains humans in the practice of algorithmic application. Its justice environment is a highly complex algorithmic ecosystem that can produce normative effects. Justice requirements cover three dimensions: the legitimacy of the algorithmic decision-making process, the fairness of the results generated by the algorithmic decision, and the rationality of the attribution of algorithmic decision-making. The proposition of algorithmic justice is established mainly for three reasons: first, the basic logic of justice is gradually shifting from the "veil of ignorance" to "big dataism", giving rise to new problem domains such as personalized laws and the reshaping of power structures; second, the alienation of algorithmic power brought about by datafication and machine opacity provides a realistic reason for the emergence of algorithmic justice; third, algorithmic justice is based on the moral responsibility of regulating the relationship among people and between people and machines, and has a sufficient legitimacy basis. In the digital age, we should follow the unique value connotations of algorithmic justice and explore solutions to its implementation by promoting the rational allocation of data resources, balancing the diverse interests of algorithmic subjects, optimizing algorithmic accountability mechanisms, and building human-computer communication mechanisms.

To promote active and healthy aging in the digital era, this study investigates the effects and mechanisms of aging attitudes on the mental health of older adults using data from the 2020 China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey. The findings indicate that maintaining positive attitudes toward aging significantly improves the mental health of older adults by reducing depressive tendencies and enhancing life satisfaction. This conclusion remains robust after conducting sensitivity analyses and addressing issues of endogeneity. maintaining a positive aging attitudes contribute to improved mental health through three dimensions of digital inclusion: increasing access to digital tools, enhancing digital skills, and maximizing the benefits derived from digital use. Maintaining a positive attitudes towards aging can enable women, younger seniors, and older adults from rural areas. Therefore, future efforts should focus on fostering positive attitudes toward aging among the older adults, improving their digital inclusion across the dimensions of digital access, skills, and benefits, and pay attention to the internal variability within the aging population to ensure targeted and optimized policy and intervention.

Humour presents national attributes, and there exist notable differences between Chinese and Western humuor regarding cultural traditions and linguistic forms. Nevertheless, Chinese humor emphasizes the harmony between internal sublime and external irony that forms a significant commonality at the discourse level with British humor which emphasizes the discourse deviation from its narrative content, forming the foundation for the translatability of humuor. Lao She's witty Beijing local-coloured language parallels the facetious London stories of Charles Dickens, highlighting the shared art of humour in different languages. In translating humor, it is essential for translators to engage in cross-cultural coordination to identify cultural "correlatives" of humuor in the target language, thereby addressing cultural discrepancies in reproducing humorous elements. Meanwhile, translators need to accurately understand the stylistic and rhetoric construction of humour in the two languages, and explore the translatability of humuor. Furthermore, translators should employ the corresponding discourse deviations of the target language to reproduce the humorous art of the stylistic incongruity and rhetorical paradox in the source language, thereby achieving an appreciation and sharing of the national art of humuor.

Based on the panel data of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region from 2005 to 2021, this paper uses the difference-in-differences model to test the effect, mechanism and heterogeneity of the implementation of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei coordinated development strategy on the upgrading of industrial structure in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. The results show that the implementation of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei coordinated development strategy has promoted the upgrading of the urban industrial structure in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region by improving the level of urban financing and human capital in the region, and the conclusion is still valid after the robustness tests such as changing the interpreted variables, changing the control group, changing the window width and missing variables. Expansive analysis find that the strategy of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei coordinated development promotes the upgrading of industrial structure in Hebei and Tianjin, but has no obvious effect on the upgrading of industrial structure in Beijing. As for Hebei province, it promotes the upgrading of industrial structure in the middle and south of Hebei province, which is disadvantageous to the upgrading of industrial structure in the east of Hebei province. The implementation of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei coordinated development strategy has promoted the overall upgrading and upgrading of industrial structure in the region. With the development of innovation and digital economy, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei coordinated development strategy will play a more significant role in the upgrading of industrial structure.

To achieve high-level technological self-reliance and self-improvement, it ultimately depends on high-level innovative talents. The independent cultivation of top-notch innovative talents in China's higher education has undergone decades of exploration, and has basically formed four types: the "youth class" model, the "base class" model, the "planned" model, and the "experimental class" model in universities. At present, the independent cultivation of top-notch innovative talents in China still faces practical challenges such as the urgent need to change the cultivation concept, lack of innovation in the cultivation mode, unsmooth cultivation mechanism, and insufficient atmosphere for cultivation. Looking towards the future, it is necessary to lead the transformation of training objectives and evaluation concepts with lofty aspirations, promote the updating of training models and curriculum systems with innovative potential as the core, construct a long chain of independent training for top-notch innovative talents based on growth laws, create a good innovation atmosphere through collaborative participation, promote the optimization of the independent training mode for undergraduate innovative talents, and build a solid foundation for the training of top-notch innovative talents.

Based on the theory of dual filial piety, by using the data of China's comprehensive social survey, this study explores the changing trends of filial piety concepts among Chinese residents and their correlation with fertility behaviors. The results show that from 2006 to 2017, the dual characteristics of residents' filial piety concepts have become more pronounced, with a decline in authoritative filial piety and a rise in reciprocal filial piety. Authoritative filial piety continues to enhance fertility behaviors, while the promotional effect of reciprocal filial piety is also evident in the recent period. Heterogeneity analysis indicates that the effects of dual filial piety on fertility behaviors are moderated by both temporal and spatial factors. In the new era, the promotional effect of authoritative filial piety on fertility behaviors is significantly weakened, particularly among women. Conversely, in the eastern regions, the promotional effect of reciprocal filial piety on fertility behaviors is significantly enhanced, with a more pronounced positive moderating effect among men.The study suggests that reciprocal filial piety represents the contemporary value of traditional Chinese filial concepts in terms of fertility influence. This effect has already been manifested among men. Moving forward, leveraging the latecomer advantage and drawing on experiences from the eastern regions, reciprocal filial piety can further stimulate the fertility potential of female groups, helping China to overcome its low fertility levels.

Utilizing the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) data and employing the difference-in-differences method, this study evaluates the welfare effects of the long-term care insurance pilot policy on residents in the region. The results show that long-term care insurance mainly alleviates the medical burden on families in pilot cities by reducing downward intergenerational support and promoting household consumption, thereby improving individuals' self-rated health and psychological well-being. However, the long-term care insurance system has not yet brought about overall welfare effects, which can be attributed to factors such as urban-rural disparities, insurance coverage models, age structures, and policy duration. At the same time, macro data were used to test the positive externalities generated by the long-term care insurance policy at the level of the whole society, specifically in terms of income effects, consumption effects and employment effects. Therefore, the pace of establishing a long-term care insurance system should be accelerated; the transformation of informal care into formal care should be promoted; emphasis should be placed on creating a sound health management system and differentiating long-term care insurance policies to maximize welfare effects; the coverage of long-term care insurance should be expanded to ensure the fairness and effectiveness of the policy; and synergies in various fields should be strengthened to give full play to the positive externalities of long-term care insurance at the social level.

Combined with the theoretical connotation of the new quality productivity, it analyses the inevitability of promoting the innovation and development of the silver economy from three aspects: theoretical logic, practical orientation and value orientation, clarifies the role mechanism of the new quality productivity in empowering the silver economy, reveals the dilemma it is facing at present, and discusses the practical path to break this dilemma. The new quality productivity will realize the transformation and upgrading of the silver economy by empowering new production, new services and new business forms. However, at present, the new quality productivity to empower the silver economy is facing obstacles in the dimensions of productivity and production relations, not only need to strengthen the breakthroughs in technological research and development from the factors of production, strengthen the financial support for the elderly, cultivate the new quality of the labour force, and fully explore the data on aging to promote the transformation and upgrading of the traditional silver industry, but also need to innovate the economic and scientific and technological system from the relations of production, to achieve the all around innovative development of the silver economy from the technology, industry to the institutional system.

Hermeneutik is a school of thought developed in the late stage of phenomenology, and now it has become the first philosophy of do philosophy, because the field of human cognition is all interpretation, and the space of interpretation has all filled up the space of human cognition; and the development of interpretation to Auslegung has caused a revolution, which realizes the claim of Marxist philosophers not only to interpret the world but also to change the world. Auslegungslehre is a Chinese reconstruction based on the concept of hermeneutics in contemporary philosophical hermeneutics, which can also be said to be the sinicization of Western philosophical hermeneutics. The concept of hermeneutics here goes through the process of doctrinal hermeneutics-inquiry-based explanation-practical application-based hermeneutics, whereby the essence of hermeneutics is the effect historical events, new concepts of meaning and truth, the consensus of the integration of perspectives, as well as the question-answer structure of dialogue. Chinese classical hermeneutics (die chinesische Auslegungslehre der Klassikerwerke) is a discipline of Chinese Auslegungslehre (hermeneutics) constructed on the basis of China's profound scriptural tradition by absorbing the reasonable elements of Western philosophical hermeneutics. It is different from and higher than traditional Chinese seripture, different from and higher than Western hermeneuties.

The unearthed epitaphs provide a new perspective for discussing specific issues related to the interaction, exchange, and blending of ethnic literature in the Northern Dynasties. Firstly, the epitaphs material shows that during the Northern Dynasty period, there was frequent interaction and exchange of ethnic literature in the Imperial Library and various princes' courts, which was an important external driving force for the development of ethnic literature in the Northern Dynasty. Secondly, the prominent family characteristics of the epitaphs also indicate that through the cohesion and transmission of elements such as education and marriage, ethnic literature in various families formed a strong internal growth force, and some outstanding non-Han literary families emerged. In addition, there are also materials showing the flow of scholars between the North and South, as well as the spread of Southern Dynasty literary concepts to the North, which confirms the connection between ethnic literature in the Northern Dynasty and the Southern Dynasty on a micro level. The flow and blending of different elements and forces contributed to the rise of ethnic literature in the Northern Dynasty, resulting in the emergence of a rich variety of "family biographies" in epitaphs in families such as the imperial clan of Tuoba with profound literary accummulation and some non-Han families, which enriched the unique value of ethnic literature in the Northern Dynasty and highlighted the exemplary significance of ethnic literature blending.

Based on the data of China Education Panel Survey, this paper empirically discusses the spillover effect of peer mental health education on cognitive and non-cognitive abilities of individual adolescents and its mechanism. The results show that: the mental health education status of class peers has a significant improvement effect on individual students' cognitive and non-cognitive abilities, and the conclusion is robust; the mechanism test shows that the mental health education status of class peers spills over to the cognitive and non-cognitive abilities of individual students mainly through improving the interactive relationship between peers. Heterogeneity analysis shows that the spillover effect of peer mental health education on the abilities of students of different gender is not consistent, and students from disadvantaged family backgrounds can benefit more from the spillover effect of class peer mental health education. Therefore, it is suggested to attach great importance to mental health education and integrate it into the overall planning of the reform and development of all kinds of schools at all levels, and to build a suitable micro-class environment, and optimize the allocation efficiency of class student resources.

The political, people-centered, and strategic attributes of education are the new ideas and conclusions put forward by General Secretary Xi Jinping on the issue of education. These three aspects are dialectically unified and mutually interdependent, offering both theoretical guidance and a framework for action in the construction of a strong educational system in China. Political attribute serve as the guiding direction and fundamental guarantee for building a strong educational system. It requires adherence to the socialist system, upholding the Party's comprehensive leadership over educational work, strengthening and improving ideological and political education in schools, and firmly establishing socialist core values. People-centered attribute is the starting point and ultimate goal for constructing a country strong in education. It calls for vigorously developing education at all levels and in all forms, focusing on improving educational quality, promoting educational equity, accelerating the construction of a learning society, and providing education that satisfies the people. Strategic attribute is the long-term plan and decisive key to build a country strong in education. It requires the coordinated implementation of the strategies for rejuvenating the country through science and education, strengthening the country through talent, and driving development through innovation. This also includes constructing a high-quality education system and the independent talent training system, continuously advancing comprehensive educational reform, and managing the relationship between localization and internationalization effectively.

The renovation of aging communities faces comprehensive challenges stemming from rapid urban changes. Beyond issues like deteriorating infrastructure and environmental degradation, integrating diverse human needs with local culture is also a prominent topic. The principle of "human-centered" design in inclusive design can be applied to address these dilemmas. By summarizing and synthesizing inclusive design cases, policies, and experts interview texts related to aging communities, and using grounded theory analysis, it was found that inclusive aging communities are based on seven key elements: population identity, suitable physical facilities, and comprehensive social services. Among these, suitable physical environment and maintaining economic balance are material conditions; comprehensive social services and equal opportunities are service conditions; population identity and cultural coexistence are emotional conditions. These three conditions are interconnected through management conditions that create trust and connections, forming a hierarchical presentation of "material inclusion, social inclusion, and emotional inclusion" in triple inclusive communities. Based on this, from a design perspective, an intervention is proposed, incorporating stakeholders and organizational structures to build the path to a resilient organizational network, ensuring continuity in inclusive design practices.

Artificial intelligence offers unprecedented historical opportunities to achieve freedom of life and spiritual freedom, but it brings challenges such as how to address anxiety over job replacement and how to ensure that in the education of artificial intelligence, the life and practice of humans are reflected, preventing intelligent machines from replacing human embodied cognition, emotional experiences, and spiritual activities. Zhuangzi's thought of "learning to swim" aims to cultivate the physical and mental ability to achieve life freedom and spiritual freedom, and embodies the life consciousness and aesthetic pursuit of Zhuangzi's educational thought. The original meaning of the word "Xiaoyao" is "reduce and shake", which reflects the subject consciousness of "things and I are integrated" and the knowledge construction view of "The hub of the Tao and the middle of the ring". In the era of artificial intelligence, education should draw on Zhuangzi's educational philosophy of "harmonious development of body and spirit", promoting the comprehensive and free growth of students body and mind. It should guide students to form an optimistic and proactive attitude towards life and cultivate the ability for symbiosis with machines, as well as the innovative capacity to participate in the digital construction of social consensus through embodied practice. Artificial intelligence literacy education should be integrated into daily teaching activities as much as possible, avoiding overemphasizing the job replacement crisis of artificial intelligence technology, and should not increase the burden on students under the guise of cultivating artificial intelligence literacy.

Beijing took the lead in proposing to promote the high-quality and balanced development of compulsory education in the whole country. Its experience is reflected in the following aspects: the high-quality and balanced policies were adopted first and played a guiding role. School layout adjustment and improvement plays a supporting role. Teachers allocation should be optimized on demand to play an active role. The construction of elements should be solid and fine to play a cornerstone role. In the new era, the challenges and problems of the high-quality and balanced development of compulsory education in Beijing are as follows: the large demand for degrees and unbalanced regional demand: the quantity and quality gap in the allocation of high-quality teachers: the optimization of key basic elements of school construction and the lack of coordination in the diffusion combination of high-quality resources. The first good standard for the quality and balance of compulsory education in Beijing lies in the development of "individualized" education. Therefore, we should optimize the school layout by using multiple sources, spreading internally, and dredging externally. We need to focus on the active mobility and competence priority, two-way mutual promotion, optimizing teacher rotation and implementing the principles of association, educating people by culture, linkage of elements, building a quality school. We also need to concentrate on the comprehensive factors, diverse models, effect monitoring for promoting the diffusion of resources.

In the poetic theory of Gong An school, "truth" is a very important concept. Though there has been a lot of research on the concept of "truth", the division of its meaning is still not detailed enough. This article divides "truth" into four aspects, which are personality, sensibility, genre, and expression, via canvassing the relevant literature of Gong An school. Based on these four aspects, the relationship between "truth" and "spirituality" is further explored, which actually equals the relationship between "essence" and "utility". However, some scholars establish the literary system of Gong An school based on "truth". On one hand, the causal position between "spirituality" and "truth" is reversed, and on the other hand, it also dilutes the status and value of other aesthetic styles in the literature of Gong An school to a certain extent. The pursuit of "truth" by Gong An school builds an independent personality, achieves the free expression of personal feelings, and promotes the flourishing of informal literary style in the late Ming Dynasty, while also representing the cultural spirit— "concentrating on the inner feeling instead of the outside world" — of that time.

The literature and thought transformation of Qianjia period is the focus of academic attention. By observing the poetry writings of the literati in the mid-Qing period, we can notice the polarization of luxury and poverty in the daily life of the literati in the capital, and also find the literati's sense of accelerated time passage and the sense of separation of interaction distance from their participation in the Elegant Gathering. The former stems from the changing landscape of the capital and the curfew system, while the latter stems from the focus of perspective and exclusivity in the appreciation of cultural relics, both of which together caused the loss of literati in the Qianjia capital. In order to cope with the pressure and loss of life in the capital, the literati not only lamented the relics and memorialized their predecessors in their poems, but also reshaped the public space of the literati through the reconstruction of architectural entities and ceremonial activities such as the Hall of the Willows and the Sending Garden, to alleviate the literati's anxieties about their emotions and identities. The Qianjia literati's experience of living in the capital inspired their sense of mission and unyielding arrogance, which also stimulated the development and inheritance of literature and scholarship in Qianjia period.

Based on a questionnaire survey of social media users, this paper empirically analyzes the impact of anti-intellectualism on the cognition, attitudes, and behaviors of science communication audiences. The results indicate significant differences in anti-intellectualism tendencies among groups with varying demographic characteristics. Social media users often exhibit an instrumental understanding of scientific knowledge, and their trust in various intellectual groups is notably inconsistent, with economists and experts receiving the lowest level of trust. Anti-intellectualism is found to significantly and positively predict the degree of individual misunderstanding of scientific and technological information, while it negatively predicts individual attitudes toward science communication. Furthermore, it influences individual behaviors related to the communication of scientific and technological information through a chain mediation involving scientific misunderstanding and attitudes toward science communication. In order to mitigate the negative impact of anti-intellectualism on science communication, government agencies should implement supportive policies that encourage scientists to highlight the practical significance of their research findings. Media outlets and platforms should enhance information management and work to reshape the public image of experts. Science communication professionals must take into account the specific characteristics of their audience to improve the accuracy of their messaging. Various stakeholders should cultivate a robust awareness of ideological risk prevention and strengthen public opinion guidance in the realm of science popularization.

Virtual currencies possess a relatively high inherent money-laundering risk due to their characteristics of anonymity, transnationality, and decentralization. In practice, the number of cases involving money-laundering through virtual currencies has been continuously increasing. The current prohibition policy in China cannot effectively address such inherent risks. Instead, it aggravates the trends of underground and cross-border virtual currency transactions, resulting in a unique residual risk condition. Consequently, virtual currency money-laundering crime cases face varying degrees of governance dilemmas in a series of aspects including crime detection, criminal investigation, and the recovery and disposal of assets. Under such circumstances, the current prohibition-oriented governance model ought to be adjusted. The formulation of the Digital Property Law should be expedited to clarify the non-financial commodity nature of virtual currencies and incorporate virtual currency transactions into the scenario-based multiple supervision of individual overseas investment activities, thereby constructing a smooth pathway for legal virtual currency transactions. Based on this, relevant provisions of the Anti-Money-Laundering Law and procedural rules related to virtual currencies should be refined to provide sufficient institutional support for the prevention and punishment of virtual currency money-laundering crimes. Additionally, the on-chain and off-chain governance, institutional and technological governance, as well as domestic and international governance should be coordinated to ensure the effective operation of the virtual currency anti-money-laundering governance system.

Based on the Marxist theory of "two kinds of production" and the Chinese idea of balanced population development, this paper analyzes the challenges and opportunities of long-term balanced population development in the new era, namely, the three challenges of slowing growth rate, intensifying aging, declining business willingness, and the three opportunities of extending life span, improving human capital, and reasonable urban and rural structure. Based on this, the practical path of balanced development of population support in the new era is put forward. In terms of theoretical logic, we should stand on the new development stage, implement the new development concept, and accelerate the establishment of a new pattern of balanced population development in the new era; on the practical path, we should actively improve the fertility policy and increase the willingness to give birth, comprehensively promote the construction of a healthy China and establish a new concept of health, and grasp the "harmony and differences" between urbanization and rural revitalization and promote the coordinated development of urban and rural areas. In order to better achieve these goals, the formulation of strategies should be problem-oriented and strengthen the synergy between population and economic strategies, so as to promote the long-term sustainable development of the population, the economy, society, resources and the environment.

Based on the 2021 National Survey of Doctoral Graduates, this study analyzed the differences in employment destinations among students from different family backgrounds. The results show that: firstly, students from disadvantaged families tend to work in non-metropolitan cities compared to those from advantageous families, and the proportion of employment in first-tier cities is lower; secondly, compared to the advantageous students, the disadvantaged ones are more likely to find employment in ordinary universities, and the proportion of employment in "Double First-Class" construction colleges and universities is lower; thirdly, regardless of whether they are employed in the academic sector or non-academic sectors, students from disadvantaged backgrounds are less likely to stay in first-tier cities compared to their advantageous peers. To reduce the impact of family background on the employment location of doctoral graduates, talent policies in big cities, especially in first-tier cities, should prioritize providing enhanced living security for doctoral graduates, so as to minimize the impact of family background factors, especially economic factors, on the employment choice of doctoral talents. In addition to providing competitive welfare guarantees, talent policies in non-metropolitan cities should focus on providing support for the career development of doctoral graduates.

Intergovernmental failure refers to the inefficient or ineffective allocation of resources caused by the complex relationships between governments. Intergovernmental failure can be categorized into two forms: vertical intergovernmental failure, which mainly manifests as policy implementation deviations between higher and lower levels of government, and horizontal intergovernmental failure, which primarily reflects improper competition among regional governments on regional issues. The dominant factor behind intergovernmental failure lies in the external problems between governments, with its deep roots closely tied to the dilemma of institutional collective action under the rational-bureaucratic framework. This dilemma is primarily manifested in the lack of mechanisms for information sharing and cost sharing, and is directly affected by the incentive structures among closed performance units under the rational-bureaucratic framework. To address intergovernmental failure, intergovernmental cooperation is considered as a key path. Its essence lies in the transformation of external problems into internal actions under a cooperative framework. The core lies in the establishment of a coordination mechanism for public values and interests, and by improving the "selective incentive" mechanism, enhancing the cost-benefit awareness of actors under the cooperative framework, thereby inhibiting the conditions that lead to intergovernmental failure and improving resource allocation efficiency.

The participation of senior citizens in volunteering is a complex and dynamic social phenomenon, driven by both individual motivations and needs, as well as influenced by social relationships and external environment. This study applies a social mechanism analysis perspective, examining the motivations for senior citizens' participation in volunteer services, the challenges they face, and potential pathways for enhancing their involvement, from the micro-level of individual interactions to the macro-level of societal structures. The study suggests that limited volunteering options fail to meet the senior citizens' needs for self-actualization, the decline of community cohesion leads to a loss of "sense of community", and inadequate external support, caused by incomplete institutional and cultural environments, all hinder senior citizens' participation in volunteering. To improve their participation, the study proposes several strategies: expanding the content of volunteer services to meet the diverse needs of older adults, rebuilding community cohesion to enhance their sense of belonging, and creating an age-friendly volunteering system and cultural environment to provide robust external support.

Since the promulgation of the "Civil Code, " our country has officially incorporated the right of residence system into legislation. Although the current right of residence retains the characteristics of servitudes, it also leaves room for new types of contractual rights of residence with investment purposes, such as "house for pension." However, the actual operation of this system has not been ideal. The background of introducing the right of residence system in our country is different from that of countries like Germany, and there are differences in transaction risks. The traditional family ethics of our country have also had a certain impact on the operation of this system. The dual legislative goals of social security and investment will generate a series of problems during the implementation of the system. Achieving the system's goal of investment through debt is more cost-effective and flexible, and is more feasible. Investment-oriented residential benefits are more suitable for protection through a creditor's rights model; the right of residence should return to the logic of servitudes, and a right of residence that is not transferable or inheritable in principle should be established, so as to give the parties the freedom to establish the duration and consideration of the right of residence, thereby achieving its primary goal of social security.

Using a sample of A-share listed companies in China from 2007 to 2022, this study examines the impact of social insurance contributions on enterprises' employment dynamics. The results show that an increase in social insurance contributions suppresses labor employment growth. Specifically, a 1% increase in per capita social insurance contributions leads to an overall decrease of approximately 9.35% in employment growth. The results remain robust after addressing endogeneity issues, changing measurement indicators, and adjusting the sample for estimation. Mechanism analysis indicates that an increase in enterprise social insurance contributions leads to a decline in labor employment growth through channels such as reducing enterprise output, substituting labor with capital, and increasing technological research and development activities. Heterogeneity analysis reveals that the negative impact of social insurance contributions on enterprise employment growth is more pronounced in private enterprises, small and medium-sized enterprises, labor-intensive enterprises, and enterprises with weaker cost-shifting abilities. In response, it is necessary to reasonably reduce the burden of social insurance contributions and appropriately lower the statutory social insurance contribution rate to implement the "employment-first" policy. Support should be provided to private enterprises and small and medium-sized enterprises, and efforts should be made to strengthen enterprises' innovation capabilities and to promote their transformation and upgrading.

The world as a process is neither the process described by atomism, where atoms as objects mechanically collide and never generate a subject, nor the process described by idealism, where the absolute subject directly manifests in particular things. Instead, it is a process where concrete subjects are continuously generated from the contradictory movement of objects. Atomism discusses generation, but what is generated is not a subject; idealism discusses the subject, but the subject is not generated. Neither atomism nor idealism can grasp the proposition "the subject is generated." Only materialist dialectical logic can reveal the generation of self-determined forms from the contradictory movement of matter, thereby revealing the process of subject generation. "The subject is generated" is the core proposition of dialectical logic and the rational core of Hegel's philosophy. However, Hegel set the noumenon of the world on the absolute idea, that is, the absolute form, and actually canceled the independence of the material and also the process of generating self-form from the contradictory movement of the material. In Marx's "Doctoral Thesis", he interpreted the atom straight line motion as the principle of material, and interpreted the oblique motion of atoms as the principle of self-form, and established the dialectical logic of materialism with the unity of opposites of material and form as the basic content, and made the dialectical logic completely get rid of the shadow of Hegel's idealistic theological dogmatism logic. Since then, Marx applied materialist dialectical logic to solve the problem of material interests, and founded historical materialism, scientific political economy and scientific socialism, which laid a scientific logic foundation for us to understand the development of nature and human society.

The leapfrog development of students from underprivileged families is an important representation of the degree of social structure accommodation and the degree of educational equity realization. In order to break the inherent label of weak learning motivation and lack of school experience of students from underprivileged families, through in-depth analysis of the middle school experience of 8 students from underprivileged families and 16 autobiographical materials, the generation mechanism of their learning motivation and campus experience are explored. It is found that students from underprivileged backgrounds show two kinds of motivation in interpersonal and environmental interaction in middle school: one is the "expectation-satisfaction" motivation to meet future expectations through active actions, and the other is the "resource-maintenance" motivation to try to maintain existing resources to avoid loss. The formation and development of the above motivation are affected by the emotional reward and punishment mechanism. With the motivation to study, students from underprivileged backgrounds can achieve academic achievements under the "achievement first" rule of the middle school field, and then obtain positive emotions through positive teacher-student interaction and peer communication, so that they can change from the disadvantaged social and economic status to the "advantaged group" in the campus, so as to obtain and maintain diversified capital. This means that students from underprivileged families can obtain positive emotions and favorable positions by following field rules, and break the restrictions of family background to a certain extent.

In order to meet the theoretical needs of building a proletarian party, Marx and Engels jointly wrote the Communist Manifesto, a programmatic document of Scientific Socialism. In the Communist Manifesto, they clarified the nature and value orientation of the proletarian party, pointed out the main force that the proletarian party should rely on for its construction, and proposed the theory of Class Struggle and Scientific Socialism as the theoretical basis for the construction of the proletarian party. The Party Building Thought of Marx and Engels contained in the Communist Manifesto constitutes the theoretical starting point of Marxist Party Building Theory, and still has important enlightenment value for today's CPC to strengthen its own construction. To continually promote the new great project of Party building in the new era, we must have firm ideals and beliefs, and constantly arm the whole Party with scientific theories; we must be brave in self-revolution and maintain the progressiveness and purity of the Party; we should put the political construction of the Party in the first place and create a political ecology with a good atmosphere and uprightness within the Party; we should inherit and carry forward the spirit of internationalism and promote the construction of a community with a shared future for mankind; we should formulate correct policies and strategies to promote the liberation and development of productivity.

Based on the data of A-share listed companies in China from 2010 to 2022, and with the establishment of the National Big Data Comprehensive Pilot Zone as an exogenous policy shock, this study empirically tests the impact of big data development on the scale of labor employment in enterprises using the staggered difference in different model. Research has found that big data development has a significant impact on the scale of labor employment in enterprises, which can be achieved by promoting digital transformation of enterprises, and alleviating liquidity constraints. Heterogeneity analysis has found that for state-owned enterprises, capital intensive enterprises, and enterprises located in high administrative level cities, the role of big data development in expanding labor employment scale is more significant. Further research has found that big data development can also increase the proportion of R&D personnel, narrow the wage gap between ordinary employees and management, and promote common prosperity within the enterprise. Therefore, big data development should be regarded as an important tool for the country to implement the policy of stabilizing employment and ensuring employment. Promote digital transformation of enterprises, alleviate liquidity constraints, and facilitate the transmission channels of big data development to expand the scale of enterprise employment. Combining urban resources with enterprise endowments, implementing policies tailored to local conditions and enterprises, and improving the accuracy of big data policies.

Considering the national pilot policy of information benefit as a quasi-natural experiment in the implementation of governance digitization by the government, this paper explores the impact of digitization of government governance on the development of new quality productive forces using 285 city-level data from 2010 to 2021. It is found that the digitization of government governance can significantly promote the development of new quality productive forces, and has a positive effect on the development of new-quality workers, new-quality labor means and new-quality labor objects; mechanism analysis shows that the digitization of government governance can play the role of efficient market by promoting market competition and improving resource allocation efficiency, and can also play the role of active government by reducing institutional transaction costs and optimizing the business environment, thus promoting the development of new quality productive forces; heterogeneity analysis finds that the digitization of government governance is more capable of promoting the development of new quality productivity in regions with high intensity of intellectual property protection, high level of smart logistics infrastructure, and high attention to the digital economy. In this regard, the process of digital transformation of government governance should be accelerated in the future; the channel of transmission of the digitalization of government governance to empower the development of new quality productivity should be deepened; differentiated policies should be formulated to improve the precision of the digitization of government governance.

Qidi (Eight-banner land) served as the economic foundation of the Eight Banners system in the Qing Dynasty, and was a pivotal pillar of the establishment and ethnic oppression practiced by the Qing state. These lands were primarily distributed in Jifu (the capital region and adjacent areas), Fengtian (modern Liaoning), and other garrison areas of the Eight Banners. Upon the establishment of the Republic of China, the government initiated a survey and remeasurement of Qidi, categorizing them into grades, collecting land prices, issuing licenses, and converting Qidi into Mindi (civilian land). This process is termed as"the transformation of Qidi into Mindi." Taking Jifu, Fengtian, and Nanjing as case studies, this paper examines the origin, process, and impact of the measurement and distribution of Qidi in the early Republic of China. By measuring and distributing Qidi, the government collected payments, which corrupt officials exploited for personal gain. Meanwhile, the former Qing imperial family members, noblemen, and upper-class Banner people sold their land while collecting land prices, while landlords and tenants (sharecroppers) economically strengthened themselves by purchasing Qidi. The measurement and distribution of Qidi lasted for three decades, ultimately leading to the complete collapse of the Eight Banners land system. As Qidi was converted into Mindi, parasitic Banner landlords ceased to exist, and land-related lawsuits greatly decreased. This led to the unification of national land tax systems, and new landowners and smallholder farmers invested greater enthusiasm into production, thereby promoting the recovery and development of the agricultural economy. The transformation of Qidi into Mindi also encouraged Manchus to break free from the constraints of the Eight banner system and embark on self-sustaining livelihoods.

In the field of public elderly care, the embedded service strategy for top-down government purchase of social work professional services has become an important way for the state to respond to the demand of public residential care for the elderly. In the professional services of elderly homes, social work agencies adopted the embedding strategy and found that professional forces can be "successfully" embedded through their own dynamic effectiveness to rebuild the internal professional service supply order of homes, but after embedding, they still face three challenges: structural embedding cannot resolve the uncertainty of purchasing policy, cognitive embedding is insufficient to construct a professional service system, and cultural embedding limits the generation of endogenous dynamics. Further practice of the case shows that: the maintenance of long-term and stable social work service mechanism for elderly homes requires social work agencies to shift from one-way embeddedness to chimeric development in integration with public courtyards. From three dimensions of value integration, action integration, and subject integration, social work agencies can seek mutual integration value, shape common practice orientation and promote two-way identity, so as to realize the service path change in a general sense.

Taking the parenting interaction between multi-child grandparents and young offspring as an example to reveal the parenting support strategies and their operating mechanisms. The study found that the gender structure of offspring is an important factor in the parenting support practice of grandparents. Under the son-daughter gender structure, "son first" becomes the principle of practice for grandparents; under the multi-sons/multiple daughters gender structure, "urgency" has become the principle of parenting practice for grandparents. However, "emotional commonality" is an effective operating mechanism for the parenting support practice of the grandparents which makes the practice of grandparents' child-rearing support understood by their offspring and thus eliminating family conflicts. Intergenerational ethics such as pension expectation, "parental heart", and intra-generational ethics of brothers and sisters "supporting each other" are the cultural basis for the operation of this mechanism. In a situation where daughters' contributions to old-age care are becoming more and more prominent, the ethical basis for the operation of the grandparents' child-rearing support strategy and the mechanism of emotional communion may undergo certain changes, which may lead to the adjustment of the intensity of the grandparents' child-rearing support and the structure of the distribution of the family's resources, as well as the emergence of a situation in which daughters are prioritized.

By systematically sorting out the diverse symbolic expressions in the inheritance of red culture, including material entities, behavioral activities, language and writing, and artistic creation, and taking the symbolic expression forms in the inheritance process of Zhao Shang-zhi's revolutionary spirit as a case study, this essay pointed out that the driving role of the symbolic expression of revolutionary spirit in the inheritance of red culture is mainly achieved through three mechanisms: emotional bonds, memory inheritance strengthening, and value shaping. On this basis, optimization strategies for the symbolic expression and identification construction of revolutionary spirit in the inheritance of red culture were proposed: to fully utilize the network and physical space, combine the advantages of industrial integration, and promote the integration of red culture with tourism, education, cultural and creative industries, technology and other fields; to improve the construction of channels and platforms for the dissemination of red culture, establish a sound management mechanism for the dissemination of red cultural symbols, and strengthen digital and technological empowerment; to carry out characteristic red culture education activities for different groups, create a good atmosphere for the whole society to inherit red culture, and promote the recognition of revolutionary spirit by combining regional cultural characteristics.

The high dependence of grain supply in Beijing during the Ming Dynasty on national fiscal allocation is almost a consensus among scholars, who have also focused on state financial payments for the distribution of official grain arriving in the capital. However, the research indicates that due to the limitations of fiscal expenditures, grain supply and demand strata in Beijing, there is a longstanding contradiction where the official grain supply falls short of the needs for many individuals supported by public finances. Therefore, alongside fiscal allocations, there is an evident reliance on the market.The development of the grain market in Beijing during the Ming Dynasty depended more on the transformation from state fiscal circulation to market circulation, specifically the official rice market formed through the transportation, storage, and distribution processes of official grain. According to estimates, the official rice market, composed of monthly rations and the commercialization of surplus rice, could satisfy half of the capital's grain demand, creating a mechanism for grain supply in the capital that involved interaction between fiscal and market forces.Under the local market model, the imperial court relied heavily on substantial physical fiscal reserves for an extended period, using a series of temporary fiscal allocations to stabilize grain prices. Before the Chongzhen emperor, Beijing's grain supply demonstrated strong national response capabilities.

As a dual "marginal figure" in terms of ethnicity and social class, Jin Midi, the son of the Xiongnu King Xiutu attended the Western Han court as a captive and horse tender. Around 119 BCE (the fourth year of Yuanshou reign), significant changes in Han-Xiongnu relations prompted Emperor Wu to revive Jia Yi's "Three Demonstrations and Five Enticements" strategy, seeking to "tame the Xiongnu through benevolence" by preferentially treating surrendered nobles. As the "exemplary defector", Jin Midi became a key performer in the imperial spectacle of "Four Yi's Subduing". His loyalty manifested not as mere moral consciousness, but rather as a complex interplay between imperial indoctrination and survival tactics-necessitating both compliance with the emperor's expectation of Hua-Yi order and navigation of court intrigues. The historical construction of Jin Midi's image involved multiple determinants. Ban Gu's Book of Han strategically reshaped his narrative through selective editing and ethical reframing, incorporating him into Confucian loyalty-filialty discourse. This historiographical treatment served both the imperial cultural agenda and correlated with the rising influence of Confucian scholars during Huo Guang's regency, as well as the political standing of Jin's descendants. The enduring image of Jin Midi ultimately emerged as a collusion of imperial manipulation, personal agency, and historiographical discourse.

Since the late Ming Dynasty, scholars have given different answers to the question of who is the first person in the history of Ming Confucianism from different angles. Some advocated Song Lian (宋濂) from the perspective of the first literati, some advocated Fang Xiaoru (方孝孺) from the perspective of the starter of Confucianism, some advocated Cao Duan (曹端) from the perspective of the Neo-Confucian orthodoxy, and some advocated Xue Xuan (薛瑄) and Wu Yubi (吴与弼) from the perspectives of the North-South controversy, and the starter of the theory of Qi(气) and the theory of the heart, respectively. Different answers often reflect different perspectives on Ming Neo-Confucianism, Ming Confucianism, and the philosophy in the Ming Dynasty. Thus it should be clarified. Such clarification also reminds us that, on the one hand, there is a tension between the construction of Neo-Confucian orthodoxy and historical truth, and on the other hand, academic history itself is complex, and we need to pay attention to both the people and their ideas in the academic history being narrated and the people telling the academic history and their stances.

As a new quality of productivity in the digital era, algorithms have become a key driver to boost social development. Focusing on the perspective of risk, the semi-structured interview method is adopted to explore the enabling mechanism of the algorithm application to tourism emotion research, clarify the risk problems applied by the algorithm to tourism emotion research, reveal the realistic causes of risk breeding, and summarize the feasible measures of risk governance. It is found that the enabling mechanism of the tourism emotion research can be subdivided into the empowerment of both consumers and producers. The risk of algorithm applying in tourism emotion research is manifested as privacy leakage, algorithm bias, ethical anomie, technology out of control and other problems, etc. The risk generation can be summarized as the limitation of algorithm technology, poor data quality, improper enterprise application, lagging regulatory system and other reasons. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen privacy protection, eliminate algorithm bias, adhere to the ethical bottom line, strengthen technology control and other comprehensive measures, to solve the blockage, pain points and difficulties in the application of algorithm.

The new Company Law directly confuses the civil liability of independent directors with the liability of non independent directors, which theoretically creates a structural mismatch and in practice leads to an imbalance in the rights and obligations of independent directors. The root of the problem lies in the current regulations ignoring significant differences between independent directors and non independent directors in terms of role positioning, fiduciary obligations, and compensation and benefits. Based on the principles of law and economics, the construction of the civil liability system for independent directors in China should follow the "economic man" hypothesis, cost-benefit analysis, and optimal compensation liability theory. On this basis, the responsibility base is based on the income of independent directors, and the responsibility scope of independent directors is reasonably set by multiplying the degree of fault of independent directors for violating their duty of diligence by the corresponding responsibility multiplier. In other words, if an independent director has minor negligence, they do not need to bear responsibility; if an independent director has general negligence, they shall bear responsibility within the range of one to two times the total income of their tenure; if an independent director has gross negligence, they shall bear responsibility within the range of three to five times the total income of their tenure. At the same time, exceptions should be made where independent directors who violate their fiduciary duties and intentionally harm the interests of the company or third parties shall bear full liability for compensation.