The process of great unification in the early Qing Dynasty embodies the five outstanding characteristics of Chinese civilization. In terms of continuity, the monarchs and ministers of the Qing Dynasty believed that minority dynasties such as the Yuan Dynasty could also inherit the orthodoxy of China and had the right to rule the Central Plains. When promoting the unification of border areas, the Qing Dynasty drew on the experience of previous dynasties in managing border areas, and some leaders of border ethnic groups also understood their historical connections with the Central Plains. In terms of innovation, the Qing Dynasty's border management system at the central and local levels was innovative, and it would change the border system according to time and circumstances. The Qing Dynasty also carried out a comprehensive reform of the sacrificial system of the Imperial Temple of Emperors of all dynasties, making the sacrificial scope of the Imperial Temple more in line with the reality of a unified multi-ethnic country. In terms of unity, both the Qing emperors, local nobles, and soldiers and civilians of all ethnic groups deeply promoted or participated in the process of great unification, contributing to the unification of China in the Qing Dynasty. In terms of inclusiveness, the ethnics gather, and religious diversity, and the ethnics integrate. In terms of peace, the Qing Dynasty prioritized peaceful means to promote frontier regions' unification and did not expand externally after unification. Moreover, when defending national territorial security, it resolutely countered foreign invasions but did not aim to occupy territories of other countries. It should be emphasized that although the demonstration of the outstanding characteristics of Chinese civilization in the Qing Dynasty or ancient China had historical regularity, it was also influenced and restricted by the subjective and objective conditions of the times.

Based on 31 typical cases of rural digital governance collected through field research from July 2022 to November 2024, this paper conducts an empirical study on the influencing factors and improvement paths of rural digital governance effectiveness based on the theory of value co-creation and by using the fuzzy qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) method. The findings reveal three distinct configuration paths: firstly the government-led regulatory model, in which fiscal subsidies, technological empowerment, and institutional design are coordinated by governments and third-party actors such as village elites to establish a value co-creation environment; secondly the resource-dependent technological coupling model, which relies on robust digital infrastructure and local resource endowments, supported by governments and external resources to embed digital technologies and realize co-governance and shared benefits among multiple stakeholders; and thirdly the structure-oriented institutional driving model, which emphasizes institutional norms, interest alignment, and emotional connections to strengthen organizational networks and social capital, thereby promoting the self-evolution and continuous optimization of governance structures. Therefore, it is necessary to build a value co-creation environment in a differentiated manner, enhanceing the adaptability of institutional regulations, promoting the effective transformation of technology; systematically integrating value co-creation resources, giving full play to the advantages of resource subjects; dynamically optimizing the value co-creation structure, building an interest connection innovation mechanism, and attaching importance to the soft role of emotional links.

New-quality productivity refers to an advanced form of productivity driven by technological innovation, with innovation and high quality as its core characteristics. It represents the sinicized development of Marxist productivity theory and provides theoretical guidance and strategic direction for promoting high-quality economic development and achieving Chinese path to modernization. In the digital economy era, digital industries—characterized by high technological intensity and data-driven features—naturally align with new-quality production factors and production relations, thus serving as a key driver for the advancement of new-quality productivity. At the theoretical level, digital industries integrate deeply with other production factors, exerting a multiplier effect that contributes to cultivating new-quality labor, generating advanced means of production, fostering new quality production objects, and reshaping new-quality production relations, thereby empowering new-quality productivity. However, digital industries currently face multiple practical challenges, including the urgent need for breakthroughs in core digital technologies, insufficient realization of data value, weak platform support, and underdeveloped industrial ecosystems—all of which hinder their empowering effects. In light of these challenges, it is essential to construct a systematic implementation pathway encompassing "digital technology-data factors-digital platforms-organizational ecosystems" to enhance the empowering role of digital industries and accelerate the high-quality development of China's economy.

DeepSeek's one-way value alignment theory lacks sufficient support and practical effectiveness, and it exists urgent necessity of exploration of corresponding solutions. DeepSeek overthinks user's prompts and exhibits a behavior characteristic of transparent "slow thinking", it pieces together data and literature to mislead user behavior. Under the guidance of "value standardization", one-way alignment has been alienated into "value colonialism", which triggers moral hazard; the limited value of large model data and the massive consumption of data lead to the risk of data value exhaustion; the lag of one-way value alignment risk assessment standards and the guidance of pseudo "human standard value" in generating assessment results are full of value bias, which triggers the risk of alignment result assessment failure. The human-machine value integration plan is supported by theories such as "people-centered", "social control theory". This paper claims to establish an ethical review mechanism for artificial intelligence to provide institutional guarantees for the integration of human-machine value; strengthening the ethical supervision mechanism for big data, facilitate data sharing channels, and enhance the transparency obligation of large model providers; establishing an artificial intelligence ethical audit mechanism, refine audit rules from the perspectives of audit subjects, content, and procedures, and comprehensively evaluate DeepSeek's ethical compliance from both process and outcome dimensions.

Based on the data of 804 listed companies in China A-share electronic information industry from 2013 to 2023, this paper constructs an analysis framework of "artificial intelligence-innovation efficiency-enterprise competitiveness", and empirically analyzes the relationship among artificial intelligence, innovation efficiency and enterprise competitiveness. The results show that artificial intelligence can significantly promote the profitability and operational ability of enterprises, especially in large enterprises, software and network service industries and enterprises in the eastern region. At the same time, artificial intelligence also has a significant positive impact on enterprise innovation efficiency, but the intermediary role of innovation efficiency has not passed the test, and innovation efficiency has a significant inhibitory effect on the profitability of sample enterprises. Further analysis suggests that this may be related to the generally low achievement conversion rate of Chinese enterprises. Therefore, we should strengthen the deep integration and application of artificial intelligence technology and production and business activities; we should not only pay attention to the promotion of artificial intelligence to innovation efficiency, but also pay attention to the transformation of results; and we should also guide the construction of differentiated artificial intelligence development system according to factors such as enterprise scale, industry and region.

The royal envoys to Ryukyu in Qing dynasty wrote about Ryukyu in literature during their missions, mainly includes the daily space of the Embassy, the geographical space of the Eight Scenic Spots of Ryukyu, and the social space in Zhuzhi Ci. In the writing of the angel embassy, they marked their own identity through space and expressed the longing for noble achievements. Then they defined the embassy as "the other", and constructed rich and multifaceted self-image through interaction with daily space. On this basis, they shaped the geographical space of Ryukyu with Eight Scenic Poems as the centre. The selection of the eight scenic spots reflects the spatial order centered on Han culture, and the writing of the Eight Scenic Spots shows a strong love for the land complex, through which they endowed the Ryukyu landscapes with specific cultural meanings, made them literary landscapes that are both aesthetic and temporal. In the writing of the social space of Ryukyu, they not only highlighted the heterogeneity of Ryukyu society from aspects of residential buildings, clothing, and production methods. but also sought the traces of Han culture in culture, customs, and systems, and made it a literary image that incorporates subjective value. The presence depictions of different spaces in Ryukyu by the envoys of the Qing Dynasty constructed their self-images and the literary image of Ryukyu, and expanded the writing space of Qing Dynasty literature.

In the development process of the cartographic work and landscape painting, map shows the trend of landscape, while landscape painting shows the nature of the cartographic work. Both of them are realistic, artistic and philosophical. As the image presentation of the national geographical image, the the cartographic work and landscape painting were important media for Song Dynasty to construct the "great unification", shape the image of the "FengHeng YuDa", and realize the political ideal of "kingly way". Subsequently, the cartographic work and landscape paintings were endowed with the meaning of morality and chaos. It shows that the landscape paintings are not only the description of national geographical forms and the spiritualization of landscape art.In addition, landscape image is a political construction issue. This article is based on the political background of the separation of Yi and Xia, using the history of artistic concepts and iconography analysis methods to explore the origin, function, elements and symbolic significance of the cartographic work and landscape paintings. It revealed the artistic and aesthetic characteristics hidden in the politics and expanded the research scope of the history of painting and aesthetics. In conclusion, the political ideal has influenced the style and theme of painting and the cartographic work in the Northern Song Dynasty. Landscape art is an important way for the inheritance and evolution of National Geographic Image and concept. Art, politics and geography penetrate each other and build the image narrative mode of Chinese traditional geography.

Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) is gradually integrating into the field of education, and has demonstrated unique advantages especially in the aspect of mental health education in colleges and universities. Traditional mental health work in colleges and universities has long been plagued by problems such as imbalance between supply and demand and delayed services, which makes it difficult to meet the diverse mental health needs of students today. Relying on the functional advantages of 24-hour real-time support, timely dynamic early warning, and immersive education, GenAI has significantly improved the accessibility, accuracy, and personalized nature of mental health services. However, its implementation is confronted with issues including data privacy breaches, diminished subjective cognition of teachers and students due to technological dependence, as well as lack of ethical norms and ambiguous responsibility delineation. Therefore, it is necessary to first clarify the technological advantages and practical dilemmas of GenAI in integrating into mental health education in colleges and universities, and construct a "technology-institution-culture" collaborative governance framework. By optimizing technology through the development of specialized mental health models, improving systems via the establishment of a hierarchical responsibility mechanism, and reshaping culture by enhancing the humanistic literacy of teachers and students, we can ultimately achieve a balance between technological empowerment and ethical governance. This study provides theoretical reference and practical guidance for the standardized application of GenAI in mental health education in colleges and universities.

Based on census data, this study examines the trend of first marriage patterns in the 20 years since the 21st century from the dimensions of when and whether to marry in big Chinese cities, represented by Beijing, Shanghai and Hong Kong. It further explores the mechanisms of the trend, relying on the theoretical framework of the 'Ready, Willing, Able (RWA)'. The results indicate that the postponement in first marriage has become prevalent in Beijing, Shanghai and Hong Kong, even more pronounced than the whole country, with the second decade in Beijing and Shanghai showing a clear acceleration compared with the first decade. The postponement in first marriage in Hong Kong is about 20 to 30 years earlier than that of Beijing and Shanghai, and the degree of postponement is most pronounced at present, but the pace of postponement has slowed down since the beginning of the new century. Female's first marriages continue to be earlier than male's, while the postponement of first marriage is more accelerated for females than for males in Beijing and Shanghai over the last two decades, as well as in Hong Kong in the last two decades of the last century. The urgency among young generations entering marriage in the three major cities has weakened. Hong Kong has a relatively high permanent unmarried rate, and the proportion of permanent unmarried in Beijing and Shanghai, although relatively low compared to Hong Kong, are higher than the national average. And there is also an evident trend of increasing permanent unmarried among the younger cohorts. On the whole, the current Chinese society is still characterized by 'late marriage and universal marriage', but the postponement in first marriage will continue, and the forces shaking the pattern of universal marriage has also been forming among the younger generations. The pattern of universal marriage may be broken from the big cities firstly.

Based on the typical case of DeepSeek achieving major breakthroughs in artificial intelligence despite restrictions on core technology in key fields, this study integrates Schumpeterian innovation theory, open innovation theory, and national innovation system theory to construct a tripartite analytical framework involving motivated enterprises, effective markets, and proactive governments. It explores how China achieves technological catch-up in artificial intelligence. The research reveals that China's AI advancement stems from the organic synergy of enterprise innovation, market cultivation and government guidance. Specifically, enterprises drive progress through innovation ambition and strategic planning; markets strengthen supply-demand dynamics to propel ecosystem evolution; and governments refine institutional design to steer innovation layouts. This synergistic mechanism has propelled the autonomous and controllable development in strategic technologies, accelerating the cultivation of new quality productity, invigorating private sector dynamism, and anchoring technological innovation in a people-centric approach. To achieve further breakthroughs in frontier technologies, enterprises should build technological ecosystems within their competitive domains; markets need to optimize allocation mechanisms for innovation elements including finance, talents, and data; while governments should enhance infrastructure deployment and forward-looking policy guidance.

Based on the experience of local governments in using digital technology to enhance the efficiency of grassroots governance, and by leveraging the theoretical perspective of grassroots governance elements, this paper explains the dimensions and mechanisms through which digital technology empowers grassroots governance. The research finds that digital technology enhances the problem identification ability of grassroots governance subjects through refined analysis of governance objects; improving the ability to integrate multiple governance subjects through process management of governance subjects; strengthening the control over the governance process through regular supervision of the governance process, thereby enhancing the efficiency of grassroots governance. At the same time, digital technology governance also brings a series of new challenges, including the leakage of personal privacy information, the triggering of digital formalism, and the compression of grassroots autonomy. Therefore, it is necessary to standardize the collection and use of governance object information by governance subjects and protect personal privacy; guiding grassroots governance subjects to establish correct concepts and improve the evaluation system of grassroots governance subjects to overcome digital formalism; clarifing the boundaries of digital supervision and grant grassroots governance subjects certain modification rights to balance digital supervision and grassroots autonomy.

Based on the provincial digital government evaluation data and CSS2021 survey data, this paper uses the multi-layer linear model to empirically test the impact of digital government construction on the public's sense of social equity, and explores its mechanism. The results suggest that: firstly, digital government performance has improved individual perception of social equity, and this positive effect is mainly derived from digital government infrastructure, applications, and securities, while the effects of open government data and digital service are not significant; seconldy, digital government performance can promote citizens' perception of social equity through improving their perceptions of citizen-government interaction, including perception of service delivery, perception of rule of law, perception of government transparency, and perception of government responsiveness; thirdly, while Internet penetration (reflecting the digital access divide) does not have a significant effect on the relationship between digital government performance and social equity perception, education of the population at the provincial level (reflecting the digital usage divide) enhances the positive effect of digital government performance on citizen-government interaction perception, and in turn the mediating role of citizen-government interaction perception in the relationship between digital government performance and perception of social equity. These findings suggest that future efforts should focus on enhancing public data utilization and improving online service systems, while also advancing nationwide digital literacy and skills initiatives to bridge the usage gap and maximize the equity-enhancing potential of digital governance.

Under the modernization rural society, digital technology can overcome the vulnerabilities in rural governance and construct a resilient rural governance system. From the perspective of "integrated governance", the empowerment mechanism of digital technology for resilient rural governance lies in: issue identification through technological empowerment, stakeholder presence via organizational restructuring, and resilience rebuilding amid governance transformation. However, practical examination reveals real-world challenges such as difficulties in accurately identifying issues, ensuring stakeholder presence, and achieving resilience rebuilding. To address these, this study takes "Village Notification" (Cunqingtong) in Longyou County, Quzhou City, Zhejiang Province as a case study and employs case analysis to construct an advanced pathway for collaborative governance between new public governance and digital technology. First, inclusive digitalization enables precise identification of governance issues. Second, integration with rural collective decision-making rules empowers virtual presence of governance stakeholders. Third, establishing a farmer-centered platform organization facilitates the rebuilding of resilient governance approaches. The research demonstrates that integrating digital technology with rural governance is not only an effective pathway for achieving efficient digital rural governance but also a significant strategy for enhancing the modernization of China's governance system and capabilities.

Cross-border ethnic groups are politically affiliated with different states while maintaining close cultural ties, giving rise to a binary tension between national identity and ethnic identity. This tension, which evolves dynamically, typically manifests in three forms: conflict, alienation and collaboration, and has profound implications for national security and border stability. The construction of modern national identity should not aim to eliminate ethnic identity but rather embrace diversity, optimize the system design and guide identity tensions toward collaborative forms, enabling national and ethnic identities to coexist and reinforce each other. In the Chinese context, optimizing this tension requires the principle of respecting and accommodating ethnic cultures while prioritizing national identity. This entails advancing whole-process people's democracy and the rule of law to ensure equal citizenship and rights; improving fairness in public services and promoting development in border regions; enhancing cultural commonalities to forge a strong sense of Chinese national community; building inter-embedded ethnic communities to foster interaction and integration between cross-border ethnic groups and other domestic ethnic groups. These measures can transform potential risks of binary tension into constructive forces for ethnic solidarity and national security.

During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, the Communist Party of China (CPC) against the backdrop of a shifting context where the nation's survival hung in the balance, constructed the political symbol of the "Anti-Japanese National United Front" through flexible contextual adaptation, inclusive subject construction, precise semantic definition, and strategic meaning interpretation, thereby achieving a politically mobilizing effect of profound significance. The CPC's discourse on united resistance evolved from a state of multiple interchangeable terms before gradually stabilizing into the fixed political expression of the "Anti-Japanese National United Front", marking a shift from class revolutionary discourse to national salvation discourse. From the perspectives of target orientation, subject orientation, method orientation, and form orientation, the discursive construction of the "Anti-Japanese National United Front" was not only tied to the CPC's precise understanding of the overall interests of the Chinese nation and the partial interests of various political parties and social strata, but also deeply connected to the semantic connotations and logical evolution of different expressions advocating united resistance against Japan. The discursive construction experience of the Anti-Japanese National United Front offers valuable practical insights for the construction of united front discourse in the new era. To build united front discourse in the new era, it is necessary to integrate contextual realities, semantic connotations, and meaning interpretation, advancing discourse construction holistically in terms of constructors, target orientation, content orientation, method orientation, and form orientation, thereby forming a united front discourse system with strong cohesion and guiding power.

Hermeneutics theory is an important part of Herder's linguistic philosophy, historical philosophy, and anthropological research. Many of its ideas and concepts constitute the basic principles of modern hermeneutics. But for a long time, Herder's hermeneutic theory has been on the edge of hermeneutic tradition and its research. Reviewing Herder's hermeneutics theory and its influence can clarify its pioneering position in the origin and development of modern hermeneutics. Herder redefined the relationship between language and thought by refuting two theoretical assumptions of the semiotic interpretive theory in the German Enlightenment era, namely that language is only a visible symbol of a priori representation and that texts and discourse themselves have complete comprehensibility, proposing a symbiotic relationship between ideas and language, opening up interpretive activities as a process of dialogue and interaction with the interpretive object, thus opening up space for semantic confrontation in interpretation. Herder gradually developed a historicist hermeneutics in his Shakespeare studies, and his revelation and emphasis on the historical conditioning of understanding and the structural inevitability of cognitive biases became key elements in modern hermeneutics. Herder's call for the establishment of an anthropological turn in hermeneutics in the popular philosophical trend promoted a profound transformation of interpretive behavior from epistemology to ontology.

Based on the case community research method and the analysis framework of class bidding interaction, it is found that the local bride price market is loosened by the survival-oriented demands of the lower-class female families and diffused by the face-saving demands of the upper-middle-class female families. As a result, the new local bride price market is socially recognized. The marriage payment determination theory formed in this process leads some male families to choose to increase the price proactively to avoid losing the marriage, thus pushing the local bride price market to upgrade and break through again, accelerating the reproduction of the new round of higher bride price demands. The rapid reproduction of the high bride price in rural North China cannot be achieved without the promotion of multiple social dynamic mechanisms. The upward shift mechanism of marriage debt strengthens the desirability of the female's asking price in the marriage market, the family livelihood optimization mechanism enhances the feasibility of the male's bidding, and the weakening mechanism of community norms eliminates the possibility of bride price negotiation between the two families, making the practice of high bride price reproduction sustainable and rational. Therefore, the effective governance of the high bride price in rural North China should focus on strengthening the education of the responsibility of offspring marriage, weakening the unlimited nature of intergenerational marriage responsibility, and rebuilding the moral foundation of bride price negotiation, so as to cut off the social dynamic mechanism of its rapid reproduction.

Based on the panel data of 424 commercial banks in China from 2007 to 2023, this paper empirically tests the influence of local government debt expansion on the core profitability index of banks' net interest margin and its mechanism. The results show that the expansion of local government debt significantly reduces the net interest margin of commercial banks, and then weakens their profitability, and this conclusion is valid under a series of robustness tests. Heterogeneity analysis shows that the negative impact of debt expansion on the net interest margin of commercial banks is significantly heterogeneous, especially for non-state-owned banks, unlisted banks and local banks. Further research shows that bank risk-taking behavior plays a moderating role in the relationship between debt expansion and bank net interest margin, and high-risk banks amplify the compression effect of debt expansion on net interest margin by relaxing credit review and increasing leverage ratio. Therefore, local government debt governance should be optimized to prevent inefficient investment from occupying bank credit resources; implementing differentiated and precise banking supervision strategies to improve the ability of banks to manage net interest margin and serve the real economy; strengthening bank risk management and control, and restraining high-risk banks from amplifying the negative impact of debt expansion on bank net interest margin; encouraging banks to use financial technology to identify risks and optimize resource allocation, so as to offset the crowding out effect of local government debt on high-yield enterprise credit.

Based on panel data from 264 prefecture-level and above cities in China between 2011 and 2022, this study constructs a general equilibrium model that incorporates educational human capital cultivation and human capital matching mechanisms to examine how human capital facilitates high-quality economic growth through this integration. The results demonstrate that real-digital integration promotes high-quality economic development by driving quality, efficiency, and dynamism reforms, with more pronounced effects observed in cities with solid economic foundations and supportive policy environments. The underlying mechanisms include increased human capital participation, enhanced human capital accumulation, and more efficient human capital allocation. Further analysis shows that integration between the service sector and digital industries, as well as between physical industries and digital technology application services or digital product manufacturing, plays a particularly important role in advancing high-quality development. Regional comparisons indicate that southern cities have developed a more diverse and effective industrial structure, thereby contributing more significantly to high-quality economic outcomes.

After the outbreak of An-Shi Rebellion, the Tang court was in urgent need of reconstructing a new concept of "Great Unity" to cope with the crisis of internal and external troubles, and accordingly, new changes emerged in the writing of Ci Fu. However, there is a notable lack of academic attention to this topic. Ci Fu in the Mid-Tang Dynasty publicized the idea of "respecting the emperor" in the Spring and Autumn Period's Gongyang School, endowing the traditional hunting Ci Fu with the realistic significance of opposing the unrest caused by regional military governors. At the same time, the writing of the mandate of heaven was used to replace the historical narrative of the founding of Tang Dynasty through military conquests, interpreting the legitimacy and orthodoxy of imperial power and restoring the imperial authority. Under the confluence of the political idea of "respecting the sovereign" and the trend of Confucian revival, scholars upheld Confucianism as "the teachings of the former kings". Ci Fu also began to include content criticizing Buddhism, while carrying forward the traditional theme of upholding Confucianism, presenting a creative tendency of rejecting Buddhism and advocating Confucianism. Mid-Tang Ci Fu focused on showcasing the diverse music, dance, and ritual costumes of various ethnic groups. It highlighted the cultural "Distinction between Huaxia and Barbarians", while also demonstrating the concept of "Huaxia and Barbarians Mutual Change" through depictions of social custom transformations. Therefore, Ci Fu became an important vehicle for Mid-Tang scholars to reconstruct the traditional cosmopolitan order and reorganize the ideological framework of the cultural system.

Based on the five-phase input-output table of Beijing from 2007 to 2022, this paper uses the input-output analysis method to calculate the scale of Beijing's digital economy, and deeply analyzes its structural characteristics and industry differences. The results show that the scale of Beijing's digital economy continues to expand, and its proportion in GDP is rising steadily. The digital integration sector plays a significant role, and the tertiary industry plays a leading role in the integration process, especially in the fields of health and finance. At the same time, however, there are great differences in the level of digital development among different industries. The degree of digitalization of traditional industries such as agriculture is low, and the problem of uneven development among industries is still prominent. In this regard, we should accelerate the extension of digital infrastructure to low-level areas, support low-level digital industries by classification, enhance the spillover effect of integrated industries, and build a collaborative mechanism for industry-university-research-application, so as to comprehensively improve the quality and sustainability of Beijing's digital economy development, and at the same time provide theoretical support for other regions to explore the development path of digital economy.

Applying the fundamental principles, stance, and perspectives of Marxism, this paper systematically elucidates the deep ideological foundations for correctly handling five major relationships in the building of a powerful country in education. Supporting national strategies and meeting public needs constitutes a concentrated manifestation of the Marxist theory of contradictions throughout educational development. The relationship between knowledge acquisition and holistic development offers a contemporary interpretation and evolution of the Marxist concept of all-round human development. The connection between talent cultivation and societal demands profoundly reflects practical requirements of educational development, particularly illustrating the dialectical relationship between social existence and social consciousness. The balance between regulation and vitality serves as a crucial guideline for advancing comprehensive educational reform, embodying the educational application of the "necessity and freedom" dialectic. The interplay between cultural confidence and open inclusiveness extends and manifests the relationship between education and a nation's cultural soft power, demonstrating fundamental laws of dialectics.

Drawing on panel data from 274 prefecture-level cities in China over the period of 2010-2021, this study exploits the quasi-natural experimental setting of the establishment of Big Data Bureaus and employs a difference-in-differences approach to systematically examine the impact of government data governance proxiesed by the creation of Big Data Bureaus on the development of a unified national market. The findings indicate that government-led data governance significantly enhances the construction of a unified national market. This effect operates primarily through three internal mechanisms: improving the business environment, reducing transaction costs, and fostering fair competition. Heterogeneity analysis further reveals that the positive effect of data governance is more pronounced in central cities and in regions characterized by higher levels of digital infrastructure, stronger public trust in government, and more robust intellectual property rights protection. Accordingly, it is imperative to improve cross-level, cross-regional, and cross-departmental data governance frameworks to strengthen the informational and institutional foundation of unified market construction and enhance the precision and responsiveness of policy implementation. At the same time, promoting data integration and sharing can facilitate institutional and service restructuring, systematically lower transaction costs, optimize the business environment, and reinforce fair competition. Furthermore, differentiated strategies should be adopted to accommodate regional disparities, enhance data governance capacities and digital resource allocation, and promote the coordinated and efficient functioning of a unified national market.

From a global comparative perspective, the modernization processes of today's developing countries are significantly diverse and present an increasingly complex and multi-faceted picture. Based on a review of modernization theories, a comprehensive analytical framework is constructed from six dimensions: development concepts, material foundations, internal conditions, external environments, governance systems and their capabilities, and the level of modernization development, to explain the differences in modernization paths among different countries. From this framework, it can be seen that striving for national independence, adhering to an independent path, building an effective government, maintaining openness and cooperation, correctly treating traditions, and creating a favorable external environment are the basic experiences of modernization construction in developing countries. Orderly turmoil, "growth without development", premature deindustrialization, widening wealth gap, population issues, ecological crises, and development vulnerability are becoming obstacles to the modernization process of developing countries. The theoretical implications are that the modernization path of developing countries is neither smooth nor fixed. The key to the smooth progress of modernization in developing countries lies in the governing ability and leadership position of the ruling party, the construction of a governance system and national capacity that adapt to modernization development, maintaining a dynamic balance between development and costs, and establishing a fair and reasonable new international political and economic order.

The AI-empowered construction of a leading country in education has evolved from strategic vision to national action in China. Guided by the policy direction of "The Master Plan on Building a Leading Country in Education (2024—2035)", this paper constructs a four-question framework—"Feasibility, Integration, Application, and Strengthening (FIAS)"—to explore the underlying logic and practical pathways for this endeavor. Research finds that AI possesses a deep intrinsic alignment with the political, people-centric, and strategic attributes of education, providing a fundamental possibility for empowering of a leading country in education. AI can achieve deep integration with eight major systems: ideological and political education, basic education, higher education, vocational education, lifelong learning, technological support, teacher development, and international cooperation. An integrated five-pronged path encompassing top-level design, infrastructure, pedagogical practices, literacy mechanisms, and evaluation & governance. Through horizontal international comparisons, vertical domestic development, AI empowerment will drive the paradigm shift in construction of a leading country in education—from a follower to a global leader—forming a globally pioneering Chinese approach.

In the literary world of the late Ming Dynasty, the Gong'an School and Jingling School emerged successively, which had a profound impact on the transformation of the poetic style of the late Ming Dynasty. Gong'an School and Jingling School have a high degree of consistency in their admiration for extraordinary people, but there are huge differences in their understanding of this kind of people. The extraordinary people depicted by Zhong Xing and Tan Yuanchun often have a cold and stern personality background, profound and meticulous personality traits, quiet and reclusive temperament, profound moral cultivation, and ancient academic pursuits. These factors are reflected in the creative philosophy and aesthetic approach of the Jingling School, which includes a rigorous and cautious creative attitude, a deep and meticulous aesthetic characteristic, a contemplative and immersive writing state, an ethico-aesthetic ideal of substantial depth, and a way of learning from the past to connect with the present. Since the mid to late Ming Dynasty, exceptional people often carried a distinct charactristic of Kuangzhe(the bold type), whereas the Jingling School transformed the ideal author from extroverted "Kuangzhe" to introverted "Juanzhe"(the scrupulously restrained type), at the same time endowing extraordinary people with profound cultural and moral connotations. This made the poetic temperament of Zhong and Tan more inclined towards depth and stillness rather than liveliness, and also promoted the gradual return of late Ming poetry to traditional elegant literature in terms of aesthetic and creative methods.

In recent years, the growing influence of excessive competition and economic rationality in education, along with the inappropriate suppression of students' subjectivity by standardized educational ecosystems, has led to the continuous compression of a key component leisure time in the early cultivation of top innovative talents-across both temporal and spatial dimensions. This compression has posed obstacles to the development of students' creative capacities. As a vital support for the cultivation of innovative abilities, leisure time provides an opportunity for "contemplation" through "deep boredom", thereby offering space for the development of non-logical abilities oriented toward creativity. Ultimately, it is through the creation of a free environment that students' "self-agency" can be activated, shaping an innovative personality.Liberation theory offers a viable path to address the current deficiency of leisure time in cultivating top innovative talents by reclaiming the "habitat" of time to ensure students have sufficient moments of leisure time; by dismantling the standardized symbolic system of material and mental-oriented exam-driven education in order to achieve a "le partage du sensible"; and by constructing an innovative learning ecology through the "anachronie" of preconfigured logic.

Supporting the capital city's early and basic achievement of modernization through high-quality population development is a significant proposition put forward based on the grand blueprint of Chinese path to modernization and the capital's strategic city. The unique status of the capital city dictates that its modernization must adhere to Beijing's Exemplary Standards, strengthen its capital functions, implement decremental development, and realize regional collaboration. High-quality population development in the capital city relies on the city's modernization. It centers on shaping a modern human resource system that matches the capital's strategic orientation. This development is part of the ongoing modernization process. It backs the capital's modernization with ideas, resources, and tools, and is also a real-world result of this modernization. To this end, we must deepen the understanding of the concept of high-quality population development. We need to focus on safeguarding the rights of all people to fair development throughout their entire life cycle, and create a set of well-known, easy to understand, and widely recognized slogans. We should concentrate on the core demands of high-quality population development and take various measures to shape a modern human resource system. At the same time, we need to deepen the reform of the population governance system, establish and improve substantive safeguarding mechanisms, and coordinate the formulation, implementation, and collaborative response of population strategic play. In addition, we should leverage the "accelerator" role of high-quality population development in modernization, and ensure that the capital takes the lead in basically realizing Chinese path to modernization nationwide.

Under the new development concept, emerging industries such as strategic emerging industries and future industries have become the key focus of driving new quality productivity to pursue quality and enhance momentum with their cutting-edge advantages and unlimited potential. On the basis of clarifying the scientific connotation of strategic emerging industries, future industries and new quality productivity, this paper systematically combs the theoretical logic and realistic logic of strategic emerging industries and future industries to empower new quality productivity. The theoretical logic is manifested in promoting the upgrading and transition of "technology-factor-industry, " that is, building a new quality productivity growth driven by technological innovation, optimizing the allocation of factors as a lever to leverage the growth pole of new quality productivity, activating the new quality productivity empowerment chain with industrial collaborative upgrading as the engine. Its realistic logic is manifested in creating new opportunities for "opening-development-employment", that is, opening up "new windows" at a high level, outlining a "new blueprint" for sustainable development, laying the "new way" of high-quality employment. In order to promote the development of new quality productivity, strategic emerging industries and future industries should focus on strengthening basic R & D and key core technologies, and broaden the boundary of new quality productivity, anchoring the tide of opening up and innovation, and strengthening the development advantages of new quality productivity, giving full play to the joint efforts to cultivate emerging industries and help the development of new quality productivity to a new direction.

Fiscal system reform is an important force in the reform and development of the fields of education, science and technology, and talents, and has gone through four stages of development, namely, early exploration, program management, market promotion, and overall deployment. From the practice of institutional transformation, the fiscal support strategy for education, science and technology and talents can not only inject a strong impetus for education, science and technology and talents systemic change, but also for education, science and technology and talents to achieve high-quality development goals to provide a basic guarantee, more education, science and technology and talents integration and integration of the three development to create favorable conditions. Attention should be focused on the allocation relationship between the government and the market, the interaction between the central and local governments, the same-track relationship between national governance and the people's supremacy, as well as the progressive relationship between institutional reforms and quality enhancement, so as to ensure the scientific allocation and efficient use of finances in the fields of education, science and technology, and talents. On the new journey, fiscal support for the high-quality development of education, science and technology, and talents still faces such problems as weak fiscal synergy, insufficient investment intensity, and limited adaptability. To this end, we must adhere to the fiscal strategy of a major country, further focus on key areas such as education, science and technology, and talent development, deepen fiscal and tax system reforms, enhance the capacity for coordinated fiscal resource allocation, and promote the steady and sustained advancement of building China into a leading nation in education, science and technology, and talent development.

Marx's critique of capitalist modernity contains a profound philosophical dimension concerning life. Drawing on Marx's analytical approach to life issues, it is of practical significance to examine the deep-rooted causes and multidimensional manifestations of human life dilemmas from the perspective of critiquing modernity and to explore pathways for their transcendence. The root of life dilemmas in capitalist modernity lies in the irreconcilable contradiction between the mode of production and the relations of production, which manifests concretely as the opposition between labor and capital, the separation of body and spirit, the inversion of means and ends, and the alienation of the individual from society. The externalization of these life dilemmas is reflected in the infringement of the right to life and the crisis of the meaning-world, specifically including the decline in quality of life and happiness index at the level of life patterns, the increased prevalence of psychological issues and mental illnesses at the level of personality traits, and the distortion of cultural concepts and social institutions at the level of developmental challenges. To transcend the contemporary dilemmas of life, collective efforts from the state, society, and individuals are required. At the state level, there should be active promotion of reforms to address the inherent contradictions of modernity; at the societal level, a robust dominant meaning system should be constructed; and at the individual level, people should enrich the self-determined essence of life through practice. By synergizing subjective and objective, internal and external forces, various obstacles restricting the development of human life can be transcend, achieving the fulfillment and grounding of life.

Within the history of Chinese thought, the discourse has never been confined to a singular voice that reveres the gu and denigrates the jin. Yet, whether the Legalist view of gu and jin can be simply characterized as favoring the jin over the gu remains open to debate. A close analysis of the Legalist discourse on gu and jin reveals that what is often interpreted as a denigration of the gu is in fact a critique directed at the Confucian practices of "emulating the ancients" (fagu) and "learning from the ancients"(xuegu). One may argue that the Legalists perceptively identified the ossification of the traditional gu-jin paradigm, which, under the prevailing valuation of the gu, gradually lost its capacity for internal dialectical reflection. From the perspective of modernity, the traditional Chinese notions of gu and jin do not correspond to purely temporal or historical categories. Crucially, the Legalist conception of the jin not only refers to the current socio-political conditions and values suited to the present, but also embodies a critique of the gu-jin discourse itself. Significantly, this critique does not lead to a rejection of the gu-jin framework; rather, through their engagement with the dialectic between "the transformation of gu and jin" and "the unity of gu and jin", the Legalists achieve both a form of civilizational self-awareness characteristic of modernity and a profound handling of the relationship between tradition and modernity. In addressing the modernity of Chinese civilization, the Legalist approach may be encapsulated in the phrase tong gu jin zhi bian ("comprehending the transformations between gu and jin"), which not only emphasizes the recognition and dialectic of temporal distinctions, but also highlights the civilizational subject as an agent of historical change—thereby effecting a modern transcendence of traditional historical-philosophical narratives.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a crucial driving force for advancing the new type of industrialization. The enabling role of artificial intelligence (AI) in advancing new industrialization is primarily manifested through three major theoretical mechanisms. First, the factor mechanism influencing industrial chain entities: through factor enhancement effect, factor complementarity effect, and factor substitution effect, it drives industrial chain entities to shift their production and operation models toward data and algorithm-driven approaches thereby reshaping their curvs. Second, the connection mechanism promoting industrial chain linkages: the convenience, flexibility, and network effects of connections will continuously expand the production possibility frontier, lead to a growing number of platform-based organizations, and make the trend of virtual agglomeration increasingly prominent. Third, the iteration mechanism that advancing industrial chain dynamics: through speed effect, scope effect, and competition effect, it boosts production efficiency, accelerates enterprise dynamics, and drives the evolution of market structure and governance. To maximize the enabling potential of AI for new industrialization, it is essential to clarify four core relationships: the role definition between government and market, the dynamic balance between costs and benefits, the boundary demarcation between competition and involution, and the coordination logic between development and regulation. Additionally, it is imperative to proactively remove obstacles and constraints from four dimensions—capability, demand, competition, and institutions.

Drawing on spatial theory, this paper examines the spatial heterogeneity characteristics of grassroots social governance in China's megacities and explores pathways for enabling governance through digital technologies. An integrated analytical framework is constructed to interpret the underlying logic of spatial heterogeneity in megacities through three dimensions: physical space, social space, and psychological space. Physical space refers to the geographical realm constituted by material entities, representing a division based on urban geography. Social space denotes the abstract domain constructed through social relations, group interactions, and social identities, manifested in the distribution and interweaving of social categories such as class, occupation, and culture within spatial contexts. Psychological space encompasses the abstract domain shaped by individuals or groups through cognition, emotion, and symbolic systems, involving subjective experiences and meaning-making related to space, including dimensions such as memory, identity, and value conflicts. Building on this tripartite spatial analysis, the study proposes three-dimensional governance framework of "population structure-spatial function-flow intensity". This classification system leverages digital technologies to enable precise identification of governance targets, dynamic allocation of governance resources, and collaborative participation in governance processes, thereby establishing a closed-loop operational mechanism. The classification-based governance model effectively addresses structural contradictions in traditional governance, such as delayed demand response, severe resource misallocation, and insufficient community building. It facilitates a paradigm shift in grassroots governance in megacities from an "experience-driven" to a "data-driven" approach.

Based on the matching samples of China industrial enterprises and customs database from 2000 to 2013 and the uncertain information of 143 export markets, this paper empirically tests the influence and mechanism of the economic and political uncertainty of export destinations (uncertainty for short) on enterprises' decision to enter and exit the destination market by using the multidimensional fixed effect model. The results show that uncertainty hinders the entry of enterprises and accelerates the exit of enterprises, and the impact of exit is stronger. The results of heterogeneity analysis show that the impact of uncertainty on export decision-making is related to the ability of enterprises to cope with shocks and market characteristics. The mechanism analysis shows that the ability of enterprises to cope with shocks reduces the sunk cost of exports, which leads enterprises with high productivity and strong coping ability, such as foreign-funded enterprises, to strategically enter and exit the market, showing the characteristics of more frequent exit from the high-uncertainty market. At the same level of uncertainty, the uncertainty characteristics of export destination market can affect the future income expectation of enterprises, so uncertainty has a stronger influence on the exit behavior of enterprises in destinations with low information barriers and low entry costs.

Conceptualizing of teaching experience is the process in which individual or community teachers use classroom teaching activities as a carrier to explicitly, systematically, and theoretically transform teaching experience into practical knowledge for teachers. The value and logic of teacher professional development in conceptualizing teaching experience is to promote the autonomous development of individual teachers' natural abilities by focusing on their own teaching experience, deepening their self reflection on experience, and generating their personal practical wisdom. At the same time, by sharing teaching experience collectively, publicizing personal experience, and constructing practical knowledge for teacher communities, it can stimulate collaborative development among teachers. In this regard, to realize the professional development value of teachers and the theoretical sublimation of teaching experience, the practice of conceptualizing teaching experience requires frontline teachers to act as conceptual subjects, follow the basic logic of theoretical sublimation of teaching experience, construct an operable path of "transforming experience to create knowledge", and seek organizational support for the integration of school "system, culture, and tools".

Effectively identifying multiple factors that affect the operational quality of government hotlines and their synergistic effects is of great significance for enhancing the hotlines' ability to serve the people and thereby giving full play to their role in government governance. Based on the TOE framework, this paper takes 31 provincial 12345 government affairs hotlines as cases and uses the fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) method to discuss the linkage effect and driving path of technology, organization, and environment conditions on local governments to improve the operation quality of 12345 government affairs hotlines. The findings are as follows: (1) The conditions affecting the improvement of the operation quality of government hotlines have the nature of complex interaction, that is, the technical, organizational, and environmental factors cannot constitute the necessary conditions alone, and the four configuration conditions together constitute the driving path to improve the operation quality of government hotlines; (2) The eastern, central and western provinces have obvious differences in the ways of improving the operation quality of government hotlines. The findings contribute to deepening the understanding of the complex and interactive nature of multiple factors behind the development of government hotlines in our country, and suggests that local governments formulate policies based on local conditions to improve the operational quality of government hotlines.

Grounded in the Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) framework, this study investigates the artificial intelligence-empowered, precision-oriented community elderly care service model. It systematically elucidates the model's construction logic within the theoretical context of smart elderly care, which centers on data-driven processes, prioritizes demand identification, and is supported by resource matching. Through a multi-case grounded analysis, the study identifies practical challenges including data barriers that create information silos, a disconnect between technological applications and the age-specific needs of the elderly, and a shortage of professional personnel. In response, a trinity support system integrating "technology, service, and management" is proposed. This system involves utilizing the Internet of Things and intelligent algorithms to enable dynamic perception of service demands, establishing cross-departmental data-sharing mechanisms to dismantle information barriers, enhancing service accessibility through online-offline integration, and improving the composite talent training and guarantee system. The model provides a feasible solution for addressing the misallocation of community elderly care resources by improving service efficiency and reducing operational costs, thereby holding significant practical value for advancing the modernization of elderly care governance.

Algorithmic discrimination arises from the coupling of multiple logics. The historical bias and sample bias of data layer are its "source input", the operation mechanism, design logic, training mode and technical characteristics of algorithm layer constitute "internal self-cause", the technical system and organizational structure of system layer lead to "environmental catalysis", and the power structure and cultural bias of social layer provide "root support". Algorithmic discrimination gives rise to multiple ethical dilemmas, in terms of fairness and justice, formal equality diverges from substantive justice; in terms of responsibility attribution, both the respensible subjects and the relocation of responsibility remains unclear; in terms of autonomy, algorithm agent oversteps human subject; and in terms of human dignity, instrumental rationality devalues the human subject. The governance of algorithmic discrimination needs to build a collaborative framework of technology-law-ethics-society, build the technical foundation of algorithmic fairness through technical correction, build the institutional constraints of algorithmic discrimination through legal regulation, shape the value consensus of algorithmic application through ethical guidance, and unite the governance of algorithmic goodness through social co-governance, so as to realize algorithmic fairness and justice.

Education, technology, and talent serve as fundamental and strategic supporting elements for Chinese path to modernization, and their integrated and collaborative development represents a key measure to enhance national innovation efficiency. To unblock the benign cycle of education, technology, and talent, it is necessary to start from the internal relationships among the three, understand their underlying logic and connection mechanisms, and grasp the dynamic evolution law of their integrated symbiosis and collaborative promotion. It is essential to explore full-cycle cultivation mechanisms, strengthen all-dimensional interdisciplinary construction, and advance full-factor industry-university-research integration, so as to shape talent advantages through high-quality education systems and inject momentum into scientific and technological innovation. It is necessary to link scientific research institutions, optimize the allocation of scientific and technological resources, promote achievement transformation, deepen the integration of science and education, and facilitate the emergence of high-end talent through strengthened linkage and integration. It is important to improve talent introduction and cultivation work, unblock talent utilization mechanisms, perfect talent evaluation methods, optimize the talent ecosystem, and achieve two-way empowerment between scientific research education and comprehensive educational reform.