The process of great unification in the early Qing Dynasty embodies the five outstanding characteristics of Chinese civilization. In terms of continuity, the monarchs and ministers of the Qing Dynasty believed that minority dynasties such as the Yuan Dynasty could also inherit the orthodoxy of China and had the right to rule the Central Plains. When promoting the unification of border areas, the Qing Dynasty drew on the experience of previous dynasties in managing border areas, and some leaders of border ethnic groups also understood their historical connections with the Central Plains. In terms of innovation, the Qing Dynasty's border management system at the central and local levels was innovative, and it would change the border system according to time and circumstances. The Qing Dynasty also carried out a comprehensive reform of the sacrificial system of the Imperial Temple of Emperors of all dynasties, making the sacrificial scope of the Imperial Temple more in line with the reality of a unified multi-ethnic country. In terms of unity, both the Qing emperors, local nobles, and soldiers and civilians of all ethnic groups deeply promoted or participated in the process of great unification, contributing to the unification of China in the Qing Dynasty. In terms of inclusiveness, the ethnics gather, and religious diversity, and the ethnics integrate. In terms of peace, the Qing Dynasty prioritized peaceful means to promote frontier regions' unification and did not expand externally after unification. Moreover, when defending national territorial security, it resolutely countered foreign invasions but did not aim to occupy territories of other countries. It should be emphasized that although the demonstration of the outstanding characteristics of Chinese civilization in the Qing Dynasty or ancient China had historical regularity, it was also influenced and restricted by the subjective and objective conditions of the times.

Supporting the capital city's early and basic achievement of modernization through high-quality population development is a significant proposition put forward based on the grand blueprint of Chinese path to modernization and the capital's strategic city. The unique status of the capital city dictates that its modernization must adhere to Beijing's Exemplary Standards, strengthen its capital functions, implement decremental development, and realize regional collaboration. High-quality population development in the capital city relies on the city's modernization. It centers on shaping a modern human resource system that matches the capital's strategic orientation. This development is part of the ongoing modernization process. It backs the capital's modernization with ideas, resources, and tools, and is also a real-world result of this modernization. To this end, we must deepen the understanding of the concept of high-quality population development. We need to focus on safeguarding the rights of all people to fair development throughout their entire life cycle, and create a set of well-known, easy to understand, and widely recognized slogans. We should concentrate on the core demands of high-quality population development and take various measures to shape a modern human resource system. At the same time, we need to deepen the reform of the population governance system, establish and improve substantive safeguarding mechanisms, and coordinate the formulation, implementation, and collaborative response of population strategic play. In addition, we should leverage the "accelerator" role of high-quality population development in modernization, and ensure that the capital takes the lead in basically realizing Chinese path to modernization nationwide.

In the development process of the cartographic work and landscape painting, map shows the trend of landscape, while landscape painting shows the nature of the cartographic work. Both of them are realistic, artistic and philosophical. As the image presentation of the national geographical image, the the cartographic work and landscape painting were important media for Song Dynasty to construct the "great unification", shape the image of the "FengHeng YuDa", and realize the political ideal of "kingly way". Subsequently, the cartographic work and landscape paintings were endowed with the meaning of morality and chaos. It shows that the landscape paintings are not only the description of national geographical forms and the spiritualization of landscape art.In addition, landscape image is a political construction issue. This article is based on the political background of the separation of Yi and Xia, using the history of artistic concepts and iconography analysis methods to explore the origin, function, elements and symbolic significance of the cartographic work and landscape paintings. It revealed the artistic and aesthetic characteristics hidden in the politics and expanded the research scope of the history of painting and aesthetics. In conclusion, the political ideal has influenced the style and theme of painting and the cartographic work in the Northern Song Dynasty. Landscape art is an important way for the inheritance and evolution of National Geographic Image and concept. Art, politics and geography penetrate each other and build the image narrative mode of Chinese traditional geography.

The royal envoys to Ryukyu in Qing dynasty wrote about Ryukyu in literature during their missions, mainly includes the daily space of the Embassy, the geographical space of the Eight Scenic Spots of Ryukyu, and the social space in Zhuzhi Ci. In the writing of the angel embassy, they marked their own identity through space and expressed the longing for noble achievements. Then they defined the embassy as "the other", and constructed rich and multifaceted self-image through interaction with daily space. On this basis, they shaped the geographical space of Ryukyu with Eight Scenic Poems as the centre. The selection of the eight scenic spots reflects the spatial order centered on Han culture, and the writing of the Eight Scenic Spots shows a strong love for the land complex, through which they endowed the Ryukyu landscapes with specific cultural meanings, made them literary landscapes that are both aesthetic and temporal. In the writing of the social space of Ryukyu, they not only highlighted the heterogeneity of Ryukyu society from aspects of residential buildings, clothing, and production methods. but also sought the traces of Han culture in culture, customs, and systems, and made it a literary image that incorporates subjective value. The presence depictions of different spaces in Ryukyu by the envoys of the Qing Dynasty constructed their self-images and the literary image of Ryukyu, and expanded the writing space of Qing Dynasty literature.

Hermeneutics theory is an important part of Herder's linguistic philosophy, historical philosophy, and anthropological research. Many of its ideas and concepts constitute the basic principles of modern hermeneutics. But for a long time, Herder's hermeneutic theory has been on the edge of hermeneutic tradition and its research. Reviewing Herder's hermeneutics theory and its influence can clarify its pioneering position in the origin and development of modern hermeneutics. Herder redefined the relationship between language and thought by refuting two theoretical assumptions of the semiotic interpretive theory in the German Enlightenment era, namely that language is only a visible symbol of a priori representation and that texts and discourse themselves have complete comprehensibility, proposing a symbiotic relationship between ideas and language, opening up interpretive activities as a process of dialogue and interaction with the interpretive object, thus opening up space for semantic confrontation in interpretation. Herder gradually developed a historicist hermeneutics in his Shakespeare studies, and his revelation and emphasis on the historical conditioning of understanding and the structural inevitability of cognitive biases became key elements in modern hermeneutics. Herder's call for the establishment of an anthropological turn in hermeneutics in the popular philosophical trend promoted a profound transformation of interpretive behavior from epistemology to ontology.

In recent years, the growing influence of excessive competition and economic rationality in education, along with the inappropriate suppression of students' subjectivity by standardized educational ecosystems, has led to the continuous compression of a key component leisure time in the early cultivation of top innovative talents-across both temporal and spatial dimensions. This compression has posed obstacles to the development of students' creative capacities. As a vital support for the cultivation of innovative abilities, leisure time provides an opportunity for "contemplation" through "deep boredom", thereby offering space for the development of non-logical abilities oriented toward creativity. Ultimately, it is through the creation of a free environment that students' "self-agency" can be activated, shaping an innovative personality.Liberation theory offers a viable path to address the current deficiency of leisure time in cultivating top innovative talents by reclaiming the "habitat" of time to ensure students have sufficient moments of leisure time; by dismantling the standardized symbolic system of material and mental-oriented exam-driven education in order to achieve a "le partage du sensible"; and by constructing an innovative learning ecology through the "anachronie" of preconfigured logic.

Based on the data of 804 listed companies in China A-share electronic information industry from 2013 to 2023, this paper constructs an analysis framework of "artificial intelligence-innovation efficiency-enterprise competitiveness", and empirically analyzes the relationship among artificial intelligence, innovation efficiency and enterprise competitiveness. The results show that artificial intelligence can significantly promote the profitability and operational ability of enterprises, especially in large enterprises, software and network service industries and enterprises in the eastern region. At the same time, artificial intelligence also has a significant positive impact on enterprise innovation efficiency, but the intermediary role of innovation efficiency has not passed the test, and innovation efficiency has a significant inhibitory effect on the profitability of sample enterprises. Further analysis suggests that this may be related to the generally low achievement conversion rate of Chinese enterprises. Therefore, we should strengthen the deep integration and application of artificial intelligence technology and production and business activities; we should not only pay attention to the promotion of artificial intelligence to innovation efficiency, but also pay attention to the transformation of results; and we should also guide the construction of differentiated artificial intelligence development system according to factors such as enterprise scale, industry and region.

Based on the typical case of DeepSeek achieving major breakthroughs in artificial intelligence despite restrictions on core technology in key fields, this study integrates Schumpeterian innovation theory, open innovation theory, and national innovation system theory to construct a tripartite analytical framework involving motivated enterprises, effective markets, and proactive governments. It explores how China achieves technological catch-up in artificial intelligence. The research reveals that China's AI advancement stems from the organic synergy of enterprise innovation, market cultivation and government guidance. Specifically, enterprises drive progress through innovation ambition and strategic planning; markets strengthen supply-demand dynamics to propel ecosystem evolution; and governments refine institutional design to steer innovation layouts. This synergistic mechanism has propelled the autonomous and controllable development in strategic technologies, accelerating the cultivation of new quality productity, invigorating private sector dynamism, and anchoring technological innovation in a people-centric approach. To achieve further breakthroughs in frontier technologies, enterprises should build technological ecosystems within their competitive domains; markets need to optimize allocation mechanisms for innovation elements including finance, talents, and data; while governments should enhance infrastructure deployment and forward-looking policy guidance.

Based on 31 typical cases of rural digital governance collected through field research from July 2022 to November 2024, this paper conducts an empirical study on the influencing factors and improvement paths of rural digital governance effectiveness based on the theory of value co-creation and by using the fuzzy qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) method. The findings reveal three distinct configuration paths: firstly the government-led regulatory model, in which fiscal subsidies, technological empowerment, and institutional design are coordinated by governments and third-party actors such as village elites to establish a value co-creation environment; secondly the resource-dependent technological coupling model, which relies on robust digital infrastructure and local resource endowments, supported by governments and external resources to embed digital technologies and realize co-governance and shared benefits among multiple stakeholders; and thirdly the structure-oriented institutional driving model, which emphasizes institutional norms, interest alignment, and emotional connections to strengthen organizational networks and social capital, thereby promoting the self-evolution and continuous optimization of governance structures. Therefore, it is necessary to build a value co-creation environment in a differentiated manner, enhanceing the adaptability of institutional regulations, promoting the effective transformation of technology; systematically integrating value co-creation resources, giving full play to the advantages of resource subjects; dynamically optimizing the value co-creation structure, building an interest connection innovation mechanism, and attaching importance to the soft role of emotional links.

Based on the provincial digital government evaluation data and CSS2021 survey data, this paper uses the multi-layer linear model to empirically test the impact of digital government construction on the public's sense of social equity, and explores its mechanism. The results suggest that: firstly, digital government performance has improved individual perception of social equity, and this positive effect is mainly derived from digital government infrastructure, applications, and securities, while the effects of open government data and digital service are not significant; seconldy, digital government performance can promote citizens' perception of social equity through improving their perceptions of citizen-government interaction, including perception of service delivery, perception of rule of law, perception of government transparency, and perception of government responsiveness; thirdly, while Internet penetration (reflecting the digital access divide) does not have a significant effect on the relationship between digital government performance and social equity perception, education of the population at the provincial level (reflecting the digital usage divide) enhances the positive effect of digital government performance on citizen-government interaction perception, and in turn the mediating role of citizen-government interaction perception in the relationship between digital government performance and perception of social equity. These findings suggest that future efforts should focus on enhancing public data utilization and improving online service systems, while also advancing nationwide digital literacy and skills initiatives to bridge the usage gap and maximize the equity-enhancing potential of digital governance.