By systematically sorting out the diverse symbolic expressions in the inheritance of red culture, including material entities, behavioral activities, language and writing, and artistic creation, and taking the symbolic expression forms in the inheritance process of Zhao Shang-zhi's revolutionary spirit as a case study, this essay pointed out that the driving role of the symbolic expression of revolutionary spirit in the inheritance of red culture is mainly achieved through three mechanisms: emotional bonds, memory inheritance strengthening, and value shaping. On this basis, optimization strategies for the symbolic expression and identification construction of revolutionary spirit in the inheritance of red culture were proposed: to fully utilize the network and physical space, combine the advantages of industrial integration, and promote the integration of red culture with tourism, education, cultural and creative industries, technology and other fields; to improve the construction of channels and platforms for the dissemination of red culture, establish a sound management mechanism for the dissemination of red cultural symbols, and strengthen digital and technological empowerment; to carry out characteristic red culture education activities for different groups, create a good atmosphere for the whole society to inherit red culture, and promote the recognition of revolutionary spirit by combining regional cultural characteristics.

Qidi (Eight-banner land) served as the economic foundation of the Eight Banners system in the Qing Dynasty, and was a pivotal pillar of the establishment and ethnic oppression practiced by the Qing state. These lands were primarily distributed in Jifu (the capital region and adjacent areas), Fengtian (modern Liaoning), and other garrison areas of the Eight Banners. Upon the establishment of the Republic of China, the government initiated a survey and remeasurement of Qidi, categorizing them into grades, collecting land prices, issuing licenses, and converting Qidi into Mindi (civilian land). This process is termed as"the transformation of Qidi into Mindi." Taking Jifu, Fengtian, and Nanjing as case studies, this paper examines the origin, process, and impact of the measurement and distribution of Qidi in the early Republic of China. By measuring and distributing Qidi, the government collected payments, which corrupt officials exploited for personal gain. Meanwhile, the former Qing imperial family members, noblemen, and upper-class Banner people sold their land while collecting land prices, while landlords and tenants (sharecroppers) economically strengthened themselves by purchasing Qidi. The measurement and distribution of Qidi lasted for three decades, ultimately leading to the complete collapse of the Eight Banners land system. As Qidi was converted into Mindi, parasitic Banner landlords ceased to exist, and land-related lawsuits greatly decreased. This led to the unification of national land tax systems, and new landowners and smallholder farmers invested greater enthusiasm into production, thereby promoting the recovery and development of the agricultural economy. The transformation of Qidi into Mindi also encouraged Manchus to break free from the constraints of the Eight banner system and embark on self-sustaining livelihoods.

The Chinese criminal liability provisions in non-criminal law are of great value to the recodification of criminal law, and their functions should be retained and further strengthened. These provisions legislatively guide and restrict the state's criminal prosecution rights, and play a role in filling in gaps and supplementing the interpretation of criminal law in the judicial context. However, in recent years, they have shown a tendency to shrink and there are generally problems such as unclear definitions of types of liability and overly broad definitions of criminal circles. The instrumental tendency of criminal law, as reflected in this, should be guarded against in subsequent legislation. The recodification of criminal law requires the integrated integration of criminal law and the criminal liability provisions in non-criminal law to enhance the stability and systematic nature of criminal law. In this regard, the obsession with the monopoly of criminal law norms by the criminal code should be dispelled, and a legislative model of codifying the criminal code plus subsidiary criminal laws should be adopted, so that the normative content of criminal law can be dynamically adjusted and the overall stability of criminal law maintained. At the same time, the relationship between the criminal code and subsidiary criminal laws, other codes, and criminal law amendments needs to be properly handled from the perspective of the unity of the legal order, and the tendency of instrumentalism in criminal law needs to be overcome. The provisions involving criminal liability should be simplified and organized to improve the systematic nature of criminal law.

Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, the relationship between urban and rural areas has undergone several stages: the formation of a dual-track system, the imbalanced development during rapid economic growth, and a phase of comprehensive integrated development. Throughout these stages, changes in the land system and the model of industrialization have played a central role. By applying Marxist rent theory to construct a unified analytical framework, this study deconstructs the emergence and productive use of land rent in the evolution of urban-rural relations in China. It finds that during the planned economy era, the "price scissors" between agricultural and industrial products generated the large capital required for the heavy industry first development strategy. After the reform and opening-up, it was the "land price scissors" that helped accumulate substantial funds needed for urbanization. It is precisely the different land rights systems and industrial development models across various periods that have prevented the balanced allocation of production factors between urban and rural areas, resulting in stage-specific urban-rural development imbalances and laying the foundation for optimizing production relations in the next stage.To promote integrated urban-rural development comprehensively, it is necessary to break the dual land system between urban and rural areas and the dual pricing mechanism for residential-commercial land and industrial land within cities; to eliminate the dual household registration (hukou) system and its corresponding bifurcated public service provision structure and to clarify the interrelations between land, hukou, and the associated fiscal and taxation systems, as well as push forward reforms in fiscal policy.

Using the data of China's Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share listed companies and local municipalities from 2009 to 2023, the pilot cities of social credit system reform are selected as the research objects, and a multi-temporal double-difference model (DID) is constructed to empirically analyze the impact effect, the mechanism of the impact, and the performance of heterogeneity of the social credit system reform on the specialized division of labor of enterprises. The results show that the reform of social credit system significantly promotes the level of enterprise specialization division of labor, and the influence mechanism includes reducing information asymmetry and transaction cost. The results passed the parallel trend test and placebo test, and the conclusion still holds after the robustness tests of replacing the explanatory variables, changing the sample period, adding omitted variables and changing the estimation method. Heterogeneity analysis shows that the reform of social credit system promotes the specialization division of labor more significantly in non-state-owned enterprises and enterprises in regions with weak rule of law environment. Therefore, we should accelerate the construction of a national unified credit information sharing platform; optimize the application scenarios of credit evaluation, embed credit ratings into key areas such as supply chain finance, government procurement, etc.; implement regionally differentiated policy supply, increase credit infrastructure investment in central and western regions with weak rule of law foundations, guide financial institutions to develop "credit+" financial products, and compensate for regional development through institutional innovation.

The new quality productive force, which is free from the development path of traditional productivity, is a new driving force for promoting Chinese path to modernisation and a new engine for promoting the common prosperity of farmers. New quality productivity promotes the common prosperity of farmers through intrinsic mechanisms such as industrial empowerment, employment drive, factor flow, and ecological wealth, but at the same time, it faces the gradual prominence of the imbalance between the supply and demand of workers' skills in the industrial upgrading and transformation, and the promotion and application of new science and technologies may exacerbate the income gap between different groups in rural areas. In the process of digital and intelligent economic development, the imbalance of shared resource elements, the overflow of information and the convenient dissemination affect the common prosperity of the spiritual life of the majority of farmers. To this end, it is necessary to accelerate the improvement of the vocational skills of new workers, strengthen the main force of farmers towards common wealth, expand the scope of innovative supply of technological applications, create a strong driving force for farmers to increase their income and get rich, pay attention to improving the digital co-construction and sharing mechanism, enhance the institutional guarantee of farmers' common prosperity, and build a demonstration mechanism for spiritual civilisation, lay a solid ideological foundation for the spiritual common prosperity of farmers.

Classroom silence is a kind of hidden action for primary and middle school students to participate in classroom learning and a survival art to strategically protect themselves.Primary and middle school students often implement a variety of resistance responses to the squeezing of teachers' educational power and the shaping of social and cultural habits through tacit individual actions such as submissive silence, participative silence and defiant silence. These resistance not only reflects the identity of primary and middle school students as the majority of the weak and their survival strategy, but also reflects the value distortion behind classroom silence.In order to reverse the misjudgment of the value of "classroom silence", teachers should overcome the simplification, randomization and non-ethical treatment of primary and middle school students classroom silence, and properly exercise teachers' educational power, construct a reasonable view of the virtue of classroom silence, and grasp the tension between meaningful silence and high-quality speech.

Accelerating the construction of a world talent center requires the active participation of research universities, which is mainly reflected in the demands of the times, such as the practical needs driven by knowledge production, the strategic requirements of scientific and technological innovation and the inherent needs of the global talent game. In response to this demand, China's research universities, based on the "key triangle" relationship between education flow, science and technology flow and talent flow, have participated in accelerating the construction of the world's talent center through knowledge sharing and creation, scientific and technological innovation and achievement transformation, and talent cultivation and supply. However, in the actual process of participation, research universities still face the difficulties of participation, such as the relative lag in the integration of disciplinary knowledge and the diminishing advantages of the main body of knowledge production, the ineffective connection between scientific and technological innovation inputs and outputs, and the difficulty of cultivating and gathering top-notch innovative talents to meet the real needs. In this regard, critical pathes are further reshaping the competitive advantages of knowledge production bodies, realizing high-level scientific and technological self-reliance and optimizing the role of top-notch innovative talents, the triadic integrational development of education, science and technology flows and talent flows will be strengthened, thus helping research universities to effectively respond to China's call for accelerating the construction of the world's talent center.

Using field experiment with communication audit and paired design, the study examined the effect of childcare support on employers' discrimination. The results show that, firstly, employers still discriminate against job applicants who are not signaled with childcare support, providing them with fewer opportunities for contact and interviews. Secondly, signaling childcare support on a resume not only boosts the probability that a mother will receive responses from employers, but also boosts the probability that a father will receive responses from employers. Whether the job applicant is a father or a mother, signaling childcare support will save the time and effort that costs in job searching. Thirdly, employers' gender discrimination is not found in the sample with childcare support, while the phenomenon is partially supported in the sample without childcare support. In the era of negative population growth, employment policies need to balance employment promotion and employment equity. To eliminate employers' discrimination which based on childcare responsibilities in the labor market, it is necessary to regulate the recruitment practices of enterprises development a new type of assessment system. In addition, it is necessary to improve community support for childcare, change the employment assistance mindset, and optimize the advocacy work, so as to ensure the high-quality and fully employment for childbearing age population.

In the context of population aging, there is an urgent need to focus on the active agency of elderly individuals and the pathways through which their functions can be realized. Guided by social connection theory, this study utilizes data from the 2020 China Elderly Social Tracking Survey to explore the social participation patterns of the elderly based on their involvement in personal, family, and social life domains, employing latent class models to analyze the impact of these patterns on attitudes toward aging. The study identifies three patterns of social participation among the elderly: alienated, weakly connected, and strongly connected, with the weakly connected pattern being predominant. The assignment to a social participation pattern is related to the characteristics of the elderly. The impact of social participation patterns on attitudes toward aging is significant and robust. Compared to the alienated pattern, the weakly connected pattern does not offer particular advantages, whereas the strongly connected pattern markedly improves attitudes toward aging. This improvement is primarily achieved through the subjective factor of self-efficacy and the objective factor of social networks. The beneficial effects of the strongly connected pattern vary among different elderly individuals, showing a stronger influence on women, younger individuals, those with higher social status, and those residing in favorable regional environments. Future social policies and services should pay particular attention to the internal differences within this group when encouraging social participation among the elderly.